The nurse in the women's health clinic has four patients who are waiting to be seen. Which patient should the nurse see first?

A 42-yr-old patient with secondary amenorrhea who says that her last menstrual cycle was 3 months ago

A 19-yr-old patient with menorrhagia who has been using superabsorbent tampons and has fever with weakness

A 22-yr-old patient with persistent red-brown vaginal drainage 3 days after having balloon thermotherapy

A 35-yr-old patient with heavy spotting after having a progestin-containing IUD (Mirena) inserted a month ago

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale: The 42-yr-old patient with secondary amenorrhea may have menopause, pregnancy, or a hormonal disorder. This is less urgent compared to the 19- year old patient.

Choice B rationale: This patient may have toxic shock syndrome, which is a life- threatening complication of tampon use that can cause organ failure and shock. The nurse should assess the patient's vital signs, remove the tampon, and initiate fluid resuscitation and antibiotic therapy.

Choice C rationale: This patient may have an infection or a complication of the balloon thermotherapy, which is a procedure to destroy the endometrial lining of the uterus and is not an emergency compared to the 19 year old.

Choice D rationale: This patient may have a displacement or perforation of the IUD, which is a contraceptive device that releases progestin into the uterus. However, this is not urgent compared to the 19 year old.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This is a condition where the skin of the breast becomes dimpled and resembles an orange peel. It is caused by blockage of the lymphatic vessels by cancer cells or inflammation.

Choice B rationale: This is a condition where the skin of the breast breaks down and forms an open sore. It can be a sign of advanced or inflammatory breast cancer.

Choice C rationale: This is a condition where the nipple becomes inverted or pulled inward. It can be caused by scarring, infection, or cancer in the breast tissue or ducts.

Choice D rationale: These are lymph nodes in the armpit that are enlarged and hard but not painful. They can be a sign of cancer spreading from the breast to the lymphatic system.

Choice E rationale: This is a lump in the breast that can be felt and moved around. It is located at the upper outer quadrant of the right breast, as if looking at a clock face. It can be benign or malignant, depending on its size, shape, consistency, and borders.

Choice F rationale: Dense breast tissue is not an abnormal finding that indicates possible breast cancer. It is a normal variation that makes it harder to detect lumps or

abnormalities on mammograms. Women with dense breasts may need additional screening tests such as ultrasound or MRI.

A. Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys. B. Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys. C. High plasma osmolarity sensed by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus. D. High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys would stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and sodium balance.

Choice B rationale: Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys would

indicate that the body has excess water and needs to excrete it, which would inhibit ADH release.

Choice C rationale: ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates the water balance in the body. It is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. When the plasma osmolarity, or the concentration of solutes in the blood, is high, it means that the body is dehydrated and needs to conserve water. The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change and stimulate the release of ADH, which acts on the kidneys to increase water

reabsorption and decrease urine output. This helps to lower the plasma osmolarity and restore the water balance.

Choice D rationale: High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body would affect the acid-base balance and respiratory rate, but not ADH

release.

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The nurse in the women's health clinic has four patients who are waiting to be seen. Which patient should the nurse see first?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

ADH release from the posterior pituitary is stimulated by which process?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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