The nurse has seen a 15-year-old girl and a 16-year-old boy during health surveillance visits. Which physical characteristics would be seen in both teenagers?

Eruption of the last four molars

Increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths

Decreased respiratory rates of 15 to 20 breaths per minute

Fully functioning sweat and sebaceous glands

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Eruption of the last four molars: This characteristic typically occurs during adolescence but may vary individually. However, it is not universal among all teenagers and does not apply to both genders equally.

B. Increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths: During adolescence, both boys and girls experience growth spurts, leading to increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths as part of their overall physical development.

C. Decreased respiratory rates of 15 to 20 breaths per minutE. Respiratory rates in teenagers generally remain within the normal adult range, typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. There is no consistent decrease in respiratory rates during adolescence.

D. Fully functioning sweat and sebaceous glands: Sweat and sebaceous glands are typically fully developed and functional by adolescence. This characteristic is not specific to teenagers but applies to individuals of all ages once these glands have matured.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Menarche

Menarche refers to the onset of menstruation, typically occurring around 12 to 13 years of age, although it can vary widely.

B. Thelarche

Thelarche is the development of breast buds, which usually occurs around 8 to 13 years of age in girls, marking the beginning of breast development and the first sign of puberty.

C. Tanner stage 5

Tanner stage 5 refers to the final stage of sexual maturity in the Tanner Scale, characterized by adult breast development and pubic hair distribution. It is not typically used to describe the initial appearance of breast buds.

D. Puberty

Puberty is the period of development during which sexual maturity is attained, including physical changes such as growth spurts, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and

reproductive capacity. Thelarche is an early sign of puberty, but it does not encompass the entire puberty process.

A. The nasal passages are narrower. B. The tongue is smaller. C. There are significantly fewer alveoli. D. The larynx is more funnel shaped. E. The trachea and chest wall are less compliant.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Narrower nasal passages can lead to increased airway resistance and difficulty in breathing, as infants are primarily nasal breathers.

B. A smaller tongue does not directly contribute to respiratory compromise; however, it can pose a risk for airway obstruction if the tongue falls back against the oropharynx.

C. Significantly fewer alveoli mean less surface area for gas exchange, which can impair oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination.

D. A more funnel-shaped larynx can predispose infants to upper airway obstruction and increase the work of breathing.

E. Less compliant trachea and chest wall make it harder for the infant to expand the lungs, leading to increased work of breathing and potential respiratory distress.

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The nurse has seen a 15-year-old girl and a 16-year-old boy during health surveillance visits. Which physical characteristics would be seen in both teenagers?

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]

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