The nurse has seen a 15-year-old girl and a 16-year-old boy during health surveillance visits. Which physical characteristics would be seen in both teenagers?

Eruption of the last four molars

Increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths

Decreased respiratory rates of 15 to 20 breaths per minute

Fully functioning sweat and sebaceous glands

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Eruption of the last four molars: This characteristic typically occurs during adolescence but may vary individually. However, it is not universal among all teenagers and does not apply to both genders equally.

B. Increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths: During adolescence, both boys and girls experience growth spurts, leading to increased shoulder, chest, and hip widths as part of their overall physical development.

C. Decreased respiratory rates of 15 to 20 breaths per minutE. Respiratory rates in teenagers generally remain within the normal adult range, typically between 12 and 20 breaths per minute. There is no consistent decrease in respiratory rates during adolescence.

D. Fully functioning sweat and sebaceous glands: Sweat and sebaceous glands are typically fully developed and functional by adolescence. This characteristic is not specific to teenagers but applies to individuals of all ages once these glands have matured.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Poisoning: While poisoning can be a significant concern among adolescents, it is not the

leading cause of death in this age group. Poisoning deaths may occur due to accidental ingestion of toxic substances or intentional overdose, but it is not as common as other causes of death

among adolescents.

B. Drowning: Drowning is a concern, especially during recreational activities such as swimming, but it is not the leading cause of death among adolescents. Proper water safety practices and supervision can help prevent drowning incidents.

C. Unintentional injuries: Unintentional injuries, including motor vehicle accidents, falls, and other accidents, are the leading cause of death among adolescents. Risk-taking behaviors, lack of experience, and peer influence contribute to the high rate of unintentional injuries in this age group.

D. Diseases: While diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and respiratory disorders can affect adolescents, they are not the leading cause of death in this age group. Unintentional injuries,

including those resulting from accidents and trauma, are more common causes of death among adolescents.

A. Areola and papilla separate from the contour of the breast B. Absence of first menstrual period C. Developed breast tissue D. Mature distribution and coarseness of pubic hair

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Areola and papilla separate from the contour of the breast: This is a normal finding in breast development and indicates Tanner stage 4 or higher, which is typical for adolescent girls. It does not necessarily indicate a developmental delay.

B. Absence of first menstrual perioD. Menarche, the first menstrual period, typically occurs between the ages of 9 and 15 in girls. Absence of menarche by the age of 15 or within 3 years after the onset of breast development (thelarche) may indicate a developmental delay or underlying medical condition that should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.

C. Developed breast tissuE. Breast development, indicated by palpable breast tissue, is a normal part of female puberty and typically occurs before menarche. Developed breast tissue alone does not necessarily indicate a developmental delay.

D. Mature distribution and coarseness of pubic hair: Pubic hair development is also a part of female puberty and occurs before or around the time of menarche. While the distribution and coarseness of pubic hair can provide information about pubertal development, the absence of menarche is a more reliable indicator of a potential developmental delay.

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