A nurse is monitoring an infant who is 3 months old and has sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, intermittent fever, and apneic spells. These nurse should recognize these findings are associated with which of the following diagnoses?

Epiglottitis

Bronchiolitis

Influenza

Croup

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis typically presents with rapid onset of severe sore throat, high fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling due to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention but is less likely to present with the described symptoms.

B. Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis commonly occurs in infants and young children, often during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, fever, and

respiratory distress. The described symptoms, including coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent fever, align with bronchiolitis.

C. Influenza

Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. While coughing and fever are common symptoms of influenza, the presence of apneic spells is less typical of influenza and more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis.

D. Croup

Croup is characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress often accompanied by stridor. While croup shares some symptoms with bronchiolitis, such as coughing, the absence of stridor in the description suggests bronchiolitis as a more likely diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Need for increased caloric intake

While toddlers may require adequate nutrition, emphasizing the need for increased caloric intake without individualized assessment and guidance may not be appropriate for all children.

B. Management of tantrums

Toddlers commonly experience tantrums as part of their development. Teaching parents effective strategies for managing and responding to tantrums can help promote positive behavior and reduce stress for both the child and the parents.

C. Dental care

Promoting good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste and routine dental check-ups, is essential for maintaining the toddler's oral health.

D. How to establish trust

While establishing trust is important for the parent-child relationship, this aspect of teaching may be more applicable to infants rather than toddlers who are already in the process of developing

trust with their caregivers.

E. How to encourage cooperative play

Encouraging cooperative play helps foster social skills, sharing, and cooperation in toddlers. Providing guidance on facilitating playdates, sharing toys, and resolving conflicts can support healthy social development.

A. Body weight B. Skin integrity C. Respiratory rate D. Blood pressure

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Body weight: Body weight is the most reliable indicator of fluid loss, as changes in weight directly reflect changes in fluid balance. Monitoring weight is essential for assessing dehydration and guiding fluid replacement therapy.

B. Skin integrity: While changes in skin turgor and skin integrity can be indicators of

dehydration, they are less reliable in infants, especially if they have certain skin conditions or are very young.

C. Respiratory ratE. Although increased respiratory rate can occur as a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis associated with dehydration, it is not as reliable as changes in body weight for assessing fluid loss.

D. Blood pressurE. While blood pressure may be affected by severe dehydration, it is not as sensitive or practical as monitoring body weight for assessing fluid loss in infants.

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A nurse is monitoring an infant who is 3 months old and has sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, intermittent fever, and apneic spells. These nurse should recognize these findings are associated with which of the following diagnoses?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]

Explanation

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for an infant who has a 2-day history of vomiting and an elevated temperature. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as the most reliable indicator of fluid loss?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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