A nurse is monitoring an infant who is 3 months old and has sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, intermittent fever, and apneic spells. These nurse should recognize these findings are associated with which of the following diagnoses?
Epiglottitis
Bronchiolitis
Influenza
Croup
The Correct Answer is B
A. Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis typically presents with rapid onset of severe sore throat, high fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling due to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention but is less likely to present with the described symptoms.
B. Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis commonly occurs in infants and young children, often during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, fever, and
respiratory distress. The described symptoms, including coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent fever, align with bronchiolitis.
C. Influenza
Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. While coughing and fever are common symptoms of influenza, the presence of apneic spells is less typical of influenza and more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis.
D. Croup
Croup is characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress often accompanied by stridor. While croup shares some symptoms with bronchiolitis, such as coughing, the absence of stridor in the description suggests bronchiolitis as a more likely diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Displays of animism: Animism, attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects, is a typical characteristic of the preoperational stage as children develop symbolic thinking.
B. Understanding of opposites: The ability to understand opposites, such as big/small, hot/cold, is a cognitive milestone of the preoperational stage as children develop classification skills.
C. Use of active imaginations: Pretend play and active imaginations are hallmark features of the preoperational stage, reflecting children's growing ability to engage in symbolic thought and fantasy play.
D. Beginning questioning of parents' values: Piaget's preoperational stage, which typically occurs between ages 2 and 7, is characterized by significant cognitive development, including language acquisition, symbolic thinking, and the ability to engage in pretend play. While children in this stage may question certain aspects of their environment and beliefs, they are less likely to engage in sophisticated questioning of abstract concepts like parental values.
Correct Answer is B,E,C,A,D
Explanation
B. Trust vs. mistrust: This is the first stage, occurring from birth to approximately 18 months of age, where infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers and the world based on
whether or not their basic needs—such as food, affection, and safety—are met.
E. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt: The second stage, from roughly 18 months to 3 years, is when toddlers begin to assert their independence. If caregivers encourage self-sufficient behavior, toddlers learn to be autonomous; if not, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities.
C. Initiative vs. guilt: During the preschool years, from about 3 to 6 years, children begin to assert power and control over their world through directing play and other social interactions.
Successful completion of this stage leads to a sense of initiative, while failure results in feelings of guilt.
A. Industry vs. inferiority: Occurring from age 6 to puberty, this stage is characterized by the child's navigation of social demands and learning to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments and abilities. If this stage is managed well, the child will feel industrious; if not, they may feel inferior.
D. Identity vs. role confusion: The final stage in Erikson's model for adolescence, from puberty to young adulthood, involves developing a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to oneself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
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