A nurse is monitoring an infant who is 3 months old and has sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, intermittent fever, and apneic spells. These nurse should recognize these findings are associated with which of the following diagnoses?
Epiglottitis
Bronchiolitis
Influenza
Croup
The Correct Answer is B
A. Epiglottitis
Epiglottitis typically presents with rapid onset of severe sore throat, high fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling due to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention but is less likely to present with the described symptoms.
B. Bronchiolitis
Bronchiolitis commonly occurs in infants and young children, often during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, fever, and
respiratory distress. The described symptoms, including coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent fever, align with bronchiolitis.
C. Influenza
Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. While coughing and fever are common symptoms of influenza, the presence of apneic spells is less typical of influenza and more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis.
D. Croup
Croup is characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress often accompanied by stridor. While croup shares some symptoms with bronchiolitis, such as coughing, the absence of stridor in the description suggests bronchiolitis as a more likely diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Obtain a detailed history.
Obtaining a detailed history is essential to understand the circumstances surrounding the bruises, including how they occurred, where they are located, and whether there is a plausible
explanation for them. This information helps determine whether the bruises are due to accidental injury or potential abuse.
B. Report the suspected abuse to the authorities.
While reporting suspected abuse may ultimately be necessary if there are concerns about the origin of the bruises, obtaining a detailed history is the initial step to gather information and assess the situation before making a report.
C. Ask a psychiatrist to talk with the parents.
Involving a psychiatrist may be appropriate in cases where there are concerns about the child's mental health or the family dynamics, but it may not address the immediate concern of the bruises without first obtaining a detailed history.
D. Separate the child from the parents.
Separating the child from the parents should not be the first action taken without sufficient evidence or reason to believe that the child is in imminent danger. Gathering information through a detailed history is essential before considering such a drastic measure.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Do nothing: this is a normal condition for toddlers: Lordosis, also known as swayback, is a common and typically normal finding in toddlers as they develop and their posture adjusts. It is characterized by an exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine. In most cases, lordosis resolves on its own as the child grows and their musculoskeletal system matures. Therefore, no
intervention is usually necessary.
B. Notify the primary care healthcare provider about the condition: Lordosis alone is not
typically considered a concerning finding in toddlers unless it is severe or accompanied by other
symptoms. It is not necessary to notify the primary care provider unless there are additional concerning signs or symptoms.
C. Refer the toddler to a physical therapist: Referring the toddler to a physical therapist for lordosis alone is not warranted unless there are other significant musculoskeletal issues or developmental concerns.
D. Explain that the child will need a back bracE. Lordosis in toddlers does not typically require the use of a back brace. It is usually a benign and self-limiting condition that resolves with time as the child's musculoskeletal system matures.
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