A nurse is monitoring an infant who is 3 months old and has sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, intermittent fever, and apneic spells. These nurse should recognize these findings are associated with which of the following diagnoses?

Epiglottitis

Bronchiolitis

Influenza

Croup

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis typically presents with rapid onset of severe sore throat, high fever, difficulty swallowing, and drooling due to inflammation and swelling of the epiglottis. It is a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention but is less likely to present with the described symptoms.

B. Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis commonly occurs in infants and young children, often during the winter months. It is characterized by symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, nasal congestion, fever, and

respiratory distress. The described symptoms, including coughing, nasal congestion, and intermittent fever, align with bronchiolitis.

C. Influenza

Influenza typically presents with symptoms such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue. While coughing and fever are common symptoms of influenza, the presence of apneic spells is less typical of influenza and more indicative of lower respiratory tract infections like bronchiolitis.

D. Croup

Croup is characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, and respiratory distress often accompanied by stridor. While croup shares some symptoms with bronchiolitis, such as coughing, the absence of stridor in the description suggests bronchiolitis as a more likely diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A. The use of car seats and other safety measures is crucial for the child's safety and is a standard part of a functional history to ensure that the child is being protected from common household and travel-related injuries.

B. The use of supplements and vitamins can significantly impact a child's health, especially at a developmental age, and should be monitored and recorded.

C. Prenatal and perinatal histories are typically reviewed during initial visits and not necessarily part of a routine functional history for a 2-year-old unless there are ongoing health issues related to birth.

D. The child's race and ethnicity are important for demographic data but are not typically part of a functional history unless there are specific cultural practices or genetic predispositions that affect the child's health.

E. The child's toileting habits are an important aspect of their development and daily functioning, and changes or issues in this area can indicate health concerns.

A. Increased intracranial pressure B. Dehydration C. Overhydration D. These are normal findings

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Increased intracranial pressurE. Pulsation and bulging of the fontanel may be signs of

increased intracranial pressure in infants. However, it is important to differentiate between normal fontanel characteristics and abnormal signs of elevated intracranial pressure. In this case, the pulsation and bulging are likely normal responses to crying and changes in intracranial pressure during the newborn period.

B. Dehydration: Dehydration typically presents with sunken fontanels rather than pulsation and bulging. Dehydration is a serious condition that requires prompt assessment and intervention, but it is not indicated by the findings described in the scenario.

C. Overhydration: Overhydration is not typically associated with pulsation and bulging of the fontanel. Overhydration may lead to fluid overload and edema but does not directly affect fontanel characteristics.

D. These are normal findings: Pulsation and brief bulging of the fontanel in response to crying are considered normal findings in newborns. Fontanels allow for the flexibility of the skull bones during childbirth and provide space for brain growth during infancy. Pulsation and bulging may occur temporarily during crying or changes in intracranial pressure and are not necessarily

indicative of pathology.

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A nurse is monitoring an infant who is 3 months old and has sneezing, coughing, nasal congestion, intermittent fever, and apneic spells. These nurse should recognize these findings are associated with which of the following diagnoses?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is questioning the parents of a 2-year-old child to obtain a functional history. Which topics might the nurse include? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A nurse is assessing the fontanels of a crying newborn and notes that the posterior fontanel pulsates and briefly bulges. What do these findings indicate?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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