The nurse continues to care for the client

Exhibits

For each assessment finding, click to specify if the finding is consistent with psychosis or mania. Each finding may support more than one diagnosis.

A. Trim the fat from red meat prior to cooking: Children with cystic fibrosis often require higher fat intake due to malabsorption, so removing fat is not recommended unless medically indicated for another reason.
B. Give the child hot foods to reduce the sense of fullness: There is no physiological basis to suggest that giving hot foods reduces a sense of fullness in children with cystic fibrosis. Large volumes or very hot/cold foods could potentially exacerbate gastrointestinal discomfort. fullness is more effectively managed with enzyme support and meal planning.
C. Provide a diet high in protein and calories: Due to increased energy needs and poor nutrient absorption, children with cystic fibrosis benefit from a high-calorie, high-protein diet to support growth and maintain weight.
D. Administer pancreatic enzymes 30 min after meals: Pancreatic enzymes should be given just before or at the start of meals to aid digestion effectively. Giving them 30 minutes after eating would not support optimal nutrient absorption.

• Pressured speech is a hallmark of mania, reflecting heightened psychomotor activity and accelerated thought processes. It often overwhelms conversation partners and makes logical communication difficult. This symptom reflects the individual’s racing mind and inability to filter or regulate their verbal output, often seen in manic episodes.
• Disorganized thought process is seen in both psychosis and mania, but manifests differently in each. In psychosis, it is often due to a breakdown in logical thinking or connection to reality. In mania, it reflects flight of ideas, rapid topic shifting, and distractibility. The presence of both symptoms indicates overlapping features.
• Excessive spending habits are consistent with manic behavior, often driven by grandiosity and poor judgment. Clients in a manic state may feel invincible or overly generous, leading them to make irrational financial decisions. These behaviors can result in significant personal or financial consequences, including debt or loss of savings.
• Hallucinations are perceptual disturbances where individuals see, hear, or feel things that are not present, primarily associated with psychosis. Auditory hallucinations, like hearing voices or unseen persons, are especially common. This indicates a loss of reality testing, which is central to diagnosing psychotic disorders.
• Lack of sleep without fatigue or distress is a key feature of mania, often preceding or accompanying a manic episode. Unlike insomnia in depression or anxiety, clients with mania may report feeling energetic and productive. The sleep deficit contributes to cognitive and emotional instability seen in manic phases.