The normal pathway of the conduction system is which one of the following?

Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are abnormal heart rhythms originating from the ventricles. They can be triggered by various factors, including irritation or stimulation of the airway during suctioning.
In this situation, the priority is to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation for the patient. Stopping the suctioning procedure and providing ventilatory support with 100% oxygen helps maintain oxygen levels and minimizes further cardiac dysrhythmias.
B. Check the patient's potassium level in (option B) is incorrect because While electrolyte imbalances, including low potassium levels (hypokalemia), can contribute to cardiac dysrhythmias, checking the potassium level is not the immediate priority when PVCs occur during suctioning.
C. Give prescribed PRN antidysrhythmic medications in (option C) is incorrect because: Administering antidysrhythmic medications without further assessment or evaluation may not be appropriate in this situation.
D. Decrease the suction pressure to 80 mm Hg in (option D) is incorrect because: While adjusting suction pressure may help prevent further irritation, it is not the initial priority when PVCs are present during suctioning.
E. Documenting the dysrhythmia in the patient's chart in (option E) is incorrect because: Documentation is important but should not be the initial action when a patient experiences PVCs during suctioning. Patient safety and immediate intervention take precedence.
Therefore, when PVCs occur during suctioning, the nurse should stop the procedure, provide ventilatory support with 100% oxygen, and assess the patient's response to intervention.

In a patient receiving mechanical ventilation, a high respiratory rate can indicate increased work of breathing and potential airway obstruction. COPD patients, in particular, may have excessive mucus production and airway inflammation, leading to mucus plugging and compromised airway clearance. Suctioning may be necessary to remove excessive secretions and maintain a patent airway.
A. The pulse oximeter shows a SpO2 of 90% in (option A) is incorrect because While a SpO2 of 90% is suboptimal and may require intervention, it does not specifically indicate the need for suctioning. Other interventions, such as adjusting oxygen delivery or ventilation settings, may be more appropriate.
B. The patient has not been suctioned for the last 6 hours in (option B) is incorrect because The duration since the last suctioning episode alone does not necessarily indicate the need for suctioning. The need for suctioning should be based on the patient's clinical presentation, such as signs of airway obstruction or excessive secretions.
D. The lungs have occasional audible expiratory wheezes in (option D) which is incorrect because Occasional audible expiratory wheezes may be common in patients with COPD and may not specifically indicate the need for suctioning. Wheezing is more commonly associated with narrowing of the airways, and suctioning is typically performed to clear secretions or maintain airway patency.
C. Therefore, in a COPD patient receiving mechanical ventilation, a high respiratory rate (C) is the assessment information that would indicate the need for suctioning to help remove excessive secretions and ensure a patent airway