The medical reports of a client who suffered an accident show injuries at the sixth thoracic vertebra, lack of normal sympathetic outflow, bradycardia and low blood pressure. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?
Conus medullaris syndrome
Concussion
Neurogenic shock
Diffuse axonal injury
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale: Conus medullaris syndrome involves injury or compression to the end portion of the spinal cord and can present with various symptoms but not necessarily lack of normal sympathetic outflow leading to shock.
Choice B rationale: Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury, and the symptoms described align more with spinal cord injury leading to neurogenic shock.
Choice C rationale: Neurogenic shock occurs due to the loss of sympathetic tone and is characterized by bradycardia, low blood pressure, and vasodilation following spinal cord injury at or above the level of the sixth thoracic vertebra.
Choice D rationale: Diffuse axonal injury typically presents with more widespread brain injury-related symptoms and is not associated with the specific spinal cord-related symptoms described.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Phenelzine is an antidepressant that typically does not affect blood glucose levels significantly.
Choice B rationale: Allopurinol, used for gout, is not known to significantly impact blood glucose levels.
Choice C rationale: Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, might mask some symptoms of hypoglycemia but is not typically associated with causing hyperglycemia.
Choice D rationale: Methylprednisolone, a corticosteroid, can elevate blood glucose levels and might contribute to hyperglycemia in a person with diabetes mellitus.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale: Low blood pressure sensed by baroreceptors in the kidneys would stimulate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure and sodium balance.
Choice B rationale: Low osmolality sensed by osmoreceptors in the kidneys would
indicate that the body has excess water and needs to excrete it, which would inhibit ADH release.
Choice C rationale: ADH, or antidiuretic hormone, is a peptide hormone that regulates the water balance in the body. It is released from the posterior pituitary gland in response to signals from the hypothalamus. When the plasma osmolarity, or the concentration of solutes in the blood, is high, it means that the body is dehydrated and needs to conserve water. The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus detect this change and stimulate the release of ADH, which acts on the kidneys to increase water
reabsorption and decrease urine output. This helps to lower the plasma osmolarity and restore the water balance.
Choice D rationale: High concentration of potassium sensed by chemoreceptors in the carotid body would affect the acid-base balance and respiratory rate, but not ADH
release.
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