Your patient has complaints of severe right-sided flank pain, nausea, vomiting and restlessness. He appears slightly pale and is diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 140/90 mmHg, Pulse 118 beats/min., respirations 33 breaths/minute, and temperature, 98.0F. Which subjective data supports a diagnosis of renal calculi?

History of mild flu symptoms last week.

Dark-colored coffee-ground emesis.

Pain radiating to the right upper quadrant.

Dark, scanty urine output.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: This is not relevant to the current condition of the patient and does not support a diagnosis of renal calculi.

Choice B rationale: This is a sign of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can have many causes such as peptic ulcer, gastritis or esophageal varices. It is not related to renal calculi or urinary tract problems.

Choice C rationale: Renal calculi usually causes pain which usually radiates anteriorly to the lower abdomen, groin, labia, testicles or the perineum depending on the location of the stone.

Choice D rationale: This is a sign of hematuria, which is blood in the urine caused by the passage of renal calculi (kidney stones) through the urinary tract. Hematuria can also cause the urine to appear dark or brown in color.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Metformin does not significantly affect insulin release from the pancreas or glucagon secretion but reduces glucose production by the liver and enhances insulin sensitivity in tissues.

Choice B rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving the body's response to insulin, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.

Choice C rationale: Metformin does not notably slow carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine.

Choice D rationale: Metformin does not directly increase insulin production from the pancreas.

A. Anterior spinal artery syndrome B. Cauda equina syndrome C. Horner's syndrome D. Brown-Séquard syndrome

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Anterior spinal artery syndrome is caused by ischemia of the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord, resulting in loss of motor function and pain and temperature sensation below the level of the lesion.

Choice B rationale: This is a condition that occurs when the nerve roots in the lower end of the spinal cord are compressed, causing symptoms such as lower back pain, sciatica, saddle anesthesia, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and sexual dysfunction.

Choice C rationale: Horner's syndrome is caused by damage to the sympathetic nerve fibers in the neck or chest, resulting in drooping eyelid, constricted pupil, and lack of sweating on one side of the face.

Choice D rationale: Brown-Séquard syndrome is caused by hemisection of the spinal cord, resulting in ipsilateral loss of motor function and proprioception and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of the lesion.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes has been prescribed metformin (Glucophage). What should the nurse tell the patient to best explain how this medication works?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which disorder is associated with the compression of the bilateral nerve roots of the lumbosacral region?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client is receiving 10 mL/hr of a prescribed regular insulin infusion. The label on the bag reads 50 units of regular insulin in 100 mL of 0.9% saline. How many units of insulin is the client receiving every hour? Fill in the blank. Round your answer to the nearest whole number.

What information should the nurse include when teaching a young women's community service group about breast self-examination (BSE)?

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a client recently diagnosed with vaginitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

The nurse observes a novice nurse caring for a client experiencing status epilepticus. It will require immediate intervention if the novice nurse does which of the following?

While performing the genital assessment of a male client, a nurse observes that the client has curvature of the penis. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?

The nurse is taking a history of a newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic who is beginning treatment. Which subjective information is most important for the nurse to note?

The nurse is reviewing the patient lab and the following is shown on the CT: The nurse conclude the patient has :