Your patient has complaints of severe right-sided flank pain, nausea, vomiting and restlessness. He appears slightly pale and is diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 140/90 mmHg, Pulse 118 beats/min., respirations 33 breaths/minute, and temperature, 98.0F. Which subjective data supports a diagnosis of renal calculi?

History of mild flu symptoms last week.

Dark-colored coffee-ground emesis.

Pain radiating to the right upper quadrant.

Dark, scanty urine output.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale: This is not relevant to the current condition of the patient and does not support a diagnosis of renal calculi.

Choice B rationale: This is a sign of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which can have many causes such as peptic ulcer, gastritis or esophageal varices. It is not related to renal calculi or urinary tract problems.

Choice C rationale: Renal calculi usually causes pain which usually radiates anteriorly to the lower abdomen, groin, labia, testicles or the perineum depending on the location of the stone.

Choice D rationale: This is a sign of hematuria, which is blood in the urine caused by the passage of renal calculi (kidney stones) through the urinary tract. Hematuria can also cause the urine to appear dark or brown in color.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale: This is incorrect.

Choice B rationale: This describes metabolic syndrome, a collection of risk factors, but not a direct complication of type 1 diabetes.

Choice C rationale: This describes hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, which is more characteristic of severe hyperglycemia but not the most common complication in type 1 diabetes.

Choice D rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a frequent and serious complication in type 1 diabetes, characterized by ketone formation due to the absence of insulin, leading to metabolic acidosis and potential life-threatening symptoms.

A. Altered level of consciousness B. The onset of symptoms is months to years C. Progressively worsens D. May be caused by fluid and electrolyte imbalances or infection E. May be caused by uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes F. May cause impairments in judgment G. Memory impairments

Correct Answer is ["A","D","F"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale: Altered consciousness is a hallmark feature of delirium, where individuals may experience fluctuations in awareness.

Choice B rationale: Delirium typically has an acute onset rather than symptoms developing over months to years.

Choice C rationale: Delirium often has a fluctuating course, rather than a consistent progressive decline.

Choice D rationale: Delirium can result from various factors including fluid/electrolyte imbalances or infections.

Choice E rationale: While these conditions might contribute to cognitive impairments, they are not typically associated with delirium.

Choice F rationale: Delirium can affect judgment, but it's not a defining feature.

Choice G rationale: While memory impairments can be seen in delirium, they're often accompanied by altered consciousness and fluctuations in awareness.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which is the most common complication expected in clients with type 1 diabetes Mellitus?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client arrives at the clinic with his daughter, reporting memory impairments: Exhibits Which of the following clinical feature are consistent with delirium? Select all that apply?

Correct Answer is ["A","D","F"]

Explanation

The nurse is giving discharge instructions to a client recently diagnosed with vaginitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

While reviewing the clinical history of a client with brain injury, the nurse finds that there is a periorbital ecchymosis, which is referred to as raccoon eyes. The client also has leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the nose. Which fracture should the nurse suspect in the client?

After reviewing the laboratory reports of a client, a nurse finds that the client has chronic pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID). Which condition should the nurse anticipate in the client?

Which of the following imagine the nurse will recognize as a positive evidence of adenomyosis?

Spironolactone (Aldactone) is prescribed for a client with chronic cirrhosis and ascites. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following medication-related side effects?

The nurse is taking a history of a newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic who is beginning treatment. Which subjective information is most important for the nurse to note?