(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a group of clients about the treatment approaches for MDD. Which of the following modalities are considered main treatment options for MDD according to the text? Select all that apply.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other somatic therapies.

Pharmacological interventions.

Herbal supplements.

Physical exercise.

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT).

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A

Choice A rationale:

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other somatic therapies are considered main treatment options for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). ECT involves passing electric currents through the brain to induce controlled seizures, and it's often used in severe cases of depression that haven't responded to other treatments. Somatic therapies encompass a range of interventions that directly target the body, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). These treatments are supported by extensive research and clinical evidence, particularly for cases where pharmacological interventions haven't been effective or suitable.

Choice B rationale:

Pharmacological interventions are indeed a mainstay in MDD treatment. However, while they are effective for many individuals, they might not work for everyone and can have side effects. Hence, the treatment approach should be tailored to the individual's needs and preferences.

Choice C rationale:

Herbal supplements are not considered main treatment options for MDD according to established clinical guidelines. While some herbal supplements might have anecdotal support for mood enhancement, their efficacy and safety are not well-established through rigorous scientific research and clinical trials.

Choice D rationale:

Physical exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on mood and can be a beneficial adjunct to MDD treatment. However, it's typically not considered a standalone main treatment option. Rather, it's often recommended as a complementary approach alongside other evidence-based treatments.

Choice E rationale:

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a psychological approach that combines mindfulness meditation with cognitive behavioral techniques. While MBCT has shown promise in preventing relapse for individuals with recurrent depression, it's usually used as a psychotherapeutic adjunct to other main treatments like pharmacological interventions or psychotherapy.

Nursing Test Bank

Quiz #1: RN Exams Pharmacology Exams Quiz #2: RN Exams Medical-Surgical Exams Quiz #3: RN Exams Fundamentals Exams Quiz #4: RN Exams Maternal-Newborn Exams Quiz #5: RN Exams Anatomy and Physiology Exams Quiz #6: RN Exams Obstetrics and Pediatrics Exams Quiz #7: RN Exams Fluid and Electrolytes Exams Quiz #8: RN Exams Community Health Exams Quiz #9: RN Exams Promoting Health across the lifespan Exams Quiz #10: RN Exams Multidimensional care Exams

Get 100+ Naxlex Exit Exams for $79 Try Naxlex NCLEX-RN (14 Day Free-Trial)

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Quiz #1: Naxlex RN Comprehensive online practice 2019 B with NGN Quiz #2: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quiz #3: Naxlex RN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Exit Exam A Quiz #4: Naxlex HESI Exit LPN Exam Quiz #5: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor PN 2020 Quiz #6: Naxlex VATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020 Quiz #8: Naxlex PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 - Exam 1 Quiz #10: Naxlex HESI PN Exit exam Quiz #11: Naxlex HESI PN EXIT Exam 2

Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are not the primary neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response. Acetylcholine plays a role in memory and muscle control, while GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that helps regulate anxiety and sleep. These neurotransmitters are not as closely associated with the functions mentioned in the question.

Choice B rationale:

Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) is a hormone that prepares the body for the fight-or-flight response. While both glutamate and epinephrine play important roles in various physiological responses, they are not primarily responsible for regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response as mentioned in the question.

Choice C rationale:

Serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are all key neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response. These neurotransmitters have been extensively studied in the context of mood disorders like Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Serotonin is often associated with feelings of well-being and happiness, dopamine is linked to pleasure and reward pathways, and norepinephrine is involved in the body's stress response. Imbalances in these neurotransmitters have been implicated in the development of mood disorders.

Choice D rationale:

Endorphins and oxytocin are important neurotransmitters, but they are not as directly related to the regulation of mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response as the neurotransmitters mentioned in choice C. Endorphins are known for their role in pain modulation and feelings of pleasure, while oxytocin is often referred to as the "bonding hormone" and is associated with social connections and childbirth.

A. Positive life events. B. High income. C. Lack of social support. D. Optimistic thinking.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Positive life events, although beneficial, are not typically considered contributors to the development of depression. Positive events generally have a positive impact on mental health and may even serve as protective factors against depression.

Choice B rationale:

High income is not commonly recognized as a direct contributor to depression. In fact, higher income can provide access to better resources and opportunities that might contribute to better mental health outcomes.

Choice C rationale:

Lack of social support is a well-established factor contributing to the development of depression. Social support plays a crucial role in buffering against stress and providing individuals with a sense of belonging and emotional connection. A lack of strong social ties can lead to feelings of isolation and increase vulnerability to depression.

Choice D rationale:

Optimistic thinking is typically considered a protective factor against depression rather than a contributor to its development. Optimistic thinking involves a positive outlook on life and the expectation of positive outcomes, which can act as a resilience factor against depressive symptoms.

View Question and Answer

Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.

Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a group of clients about the treatment approaches for MDD. Which of the following modalities are considered main treatment options for MDD according to the text? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is explaining the role of neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of MDD to a group of nursing students. Which neurotransmitters are mentioned in the text as being involved in regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client wants to understand the factors that contribute to the development of depression. Which of the following factors are mentioned in the text as potential contributors to depression?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is providing care for a client with suspected major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following are risk factors for developing MDD? Select all that apply.

A client is experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, guilt, and worthlessness. They also report significant weight loss and insomnia. The nurse suspects the client may have:

A client is concerned about the potential side effects of antidepressant medications. Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with antidepressant use?

A client is sharing their experiences with a nurse. The client states, "I just can't seem to enjoy anything anymore. Even activities I used to love don't bring me pleasure." This statement by the client is indicative of:

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is assessing a client for major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with the clinical presentation of MDD? Select all that apply.

A nurse is assessing a client who has been experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. The client denies any history of manic episodes. Which of the following conditions should the nurse consider as a possible differential diagnosis for this client?

A nurse is administering a depression assessment tool to a client. The tool evaluates mood, anxiety, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and other aspects of depression. Which assessment tool is the nurse most likely using?