(Select All That Apply): A nurse is assessing a client for major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with the clinical presentation of MDD? Select all that apply.
Increased interest in activities.
Weight gain of 3% in a month.
Excessive guilt and self-blame.
Insomnia.
Elevated mood and increased energy.
Correct Answer : C,D
Choice A rationale:
Increased interest in activities is not consistent with the clinical presentation of MDD. In fact, a hallmark symptom of MDD is anhedonia, which involves a reduced interest or pleasure in most activities.
Choice B rationale:
Weight gain is not typically associated with MDD. In contrast, significant changes in appetite and weight loss are more common symptoms, often accompanied by feelings of worthlessness or guilt related to body image.
Choice C rationale:
Excessive guilt and self-blame are common cognitive and emotional symptoms of MDD. Individuals with MDD tend to have a negative self-perception and may blame themselves for their difficulties.
Choice D rationale:
Insomnia, or difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, is a common sleep disturbance associated with MDD. Sleep problems can exacerbate the symptoms of depression and impact overall well-being.
Choice E rationale:
Elevated mood and increased energy are actually more indicative of conditions like bipolar disorder or manic episodes, where there are distinct periods of abnormally elevated mood, known as mania or hypomania.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The correct answer is choicea. MDD is more prevalent in older adults.
Choice A rationale:
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is indeed more prevalent in older adults.This demographic often faces unique stressors such as chronic illness, loss of loved ones, and social isolation, which can contribute to higher rates of depression.
Choice B rationale:
MDD is not primarily caused by a single factor.It is a complex disorder with multiple contributing factors, including genetics, brain chemistry, environmental influences, and psychological factors.
Choice C rationale:
Anhedonia refers to the loss of interest or pleasure in activities that were once enjoyable, not excessive sleeping.Excessive sleeping is known as hypersomnia.
Choice D rationale:
MDD cannot be diagnosed if only one symptom is present.The diagnosis requires the presence of multiple symptoms, including depressed mood or anhedonia, for at least two weeks.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Positive life events, although beneficial, are not typically considered contributors to the development of depression. Positive events generally have a positive impact on mental health and may even serve as protective factors against depression.
Choice B rationale:
High income is not commonly recognized as a direct contributor to depression. In fact, higher income can provide access to better resources and opportunities that might contribute to better mental health outcomes.
Choice C rationale:
Lack of social support is a well-established factor contributing to the development of depression. Social support plays a crucial role in buffering against stress and providing individuals with a sense of belonging and emotional connection. A lack of strong social ties can lead to feelings of isolation and increase vulnerability to depression.
Choice D rationale:
Optimistic thinking is typically considered a protective factor against depression rather than a contributor to its development. Optimistic thinking involves a positive outlook on life and the expectation of positive outcomes, which can act as a resilience factor against depressive symptoms.
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