(Select All That Apply): A nurse is providing care for a client with suspected major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following are risk factors for developing MDD? Select all that apply.
Positive family history of mood disorders.
Optimistic personality traits.
Young age.
High socioeconomic status.
Chronic medical conditions.
Correct Answer : A,C,E
Choice A rationale:
The correct answer. A positive family history of mood disorders is a well-established risk factor for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Genetic factors play a significant role in predisposing individuals to MDD, making it more likely to develop if there's a family history of mood disorders.
Choice B rationale:
Optimistic personality traits are not considered risk factors for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). In fact, having an optimistic personality might serve as a protective factor against developing MDD.
Choice C rationale:
The correct answer. Young age is a risk factor for developing MDD. Adolescents and young adults are particularly susceptible to the onset of depressive disorders due to hormonal changes, emotional challenges, and life transitions during this developmental stage.
Choice D rationale:
High socioeconomic status is not a consistent risk factor for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). While individuals from various socioeconomic backgrounds can develop MDD, the factors contributing to its development are more complex and not solely dependent on socioeconomic status.
Choice E rationale:
The correct answer. Chronic medical conditions are risk factors for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). The stress, emotional toll, and physiological effects of living with a chronic illness can contribute to the onset or exacerbation of depressive symptoms.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
A manic episode is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, often accompanied by increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behavior. The client's description does not align with a manic episode.
Choice B rationale:
Bipolar disorder involves cycling between periods of mania or hypomania and depression. The client's statement does not provide evidence of mood cycling, which is characteristic of bipolar disorder.
Choice C rationale:
The client's statement directly describes anhedonia, which is a key characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). Anhedonia involves the inability to derive pleasure from activities that were previously enjoyable, and it is a central diagnostic criterion for MDD.
Choice D rationale:
Adjustment disorder is a condition characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop in response to a specific stressor. The client's statement is more indicative of a pervasive and ongoing lack of enjoyment, which aligns with the concept of anhedonia in MDD rather than the time-limited nature of adjustment disorder.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Genetic predisposition refers to a person's susceptibility to certain conditions based on their genetic makeup. While genetics can play a role in predisposing someone to depression, it is not considered a psychosocial factor. Genetic factors are biological in nature and do not directly involve social and psychological influences.
Choice B rationale:
The role of stress and life events is a significant psychosocial factor related to depression. Stressful life events, such as trauma, loss, or major life changes, can trigger or exacerbate depressive episodes in susceptible individuals. The interaction between these external stressors and an individual's psychological responses is a key aspect of psychosocial factors.
Choice C rationale:
Interpersonal relationships are another important psychosocial factor linked to depression. Poor interpersonal relationships, social isolation, and conflicts with friends or family can contribute to feelings of loneliness and despair, increasing the risk of developing depression.
Choice D rationale:
Cognitive factors, including negative thought patterns and distorted thinking, are considered psychosocial contributors to depression. Cognitive theories of depression emphasize how an individual's thought processes, self-perception, and interpretation of events can influence their emotional state. Dysfunctional thought patterns, such as excessive self-criticism or hopelessness, can contribute to the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms.
Choice E rationale:
Neurotransmitter imbalances are not psychosocial factors. They are more related to the biological underpinnings of depression rather than the social and psychological influences explored in psychosocial factors.
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