A nurse is conducting a mental health assessment on a client. The client reports feeling extremely fatigued, having difficulty concentrating, and having thoughts of worthlessness. The nurse recognizes these as:

Signs of normal bereavement.

Symptoms of bipolar disorder.

Indicators of substance-induced mood disorder.

Criteria for diagnosing MDD according to DSM-5.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A rationale:

Signs of normal bereavement. Bereavement refers to the period of grief and mourning after the loss of a loved one. While fatigue and feelings of worthlessness can be experienced during bereavement, difficulty concentrating is not a typical sign. Additionally, bereavement-related symptoms typically improve over time as the individual processes their loss. The combination of extreme fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of worthlessness suggests a more severe and persistent condition than normal bereavement.

Choice B rationale:

Symptoms of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania (or hypomania). The client's symptoms of extreme fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of worthlessness are primarily indicative of a depressive episode, which is only one aspect of bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder requires the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes, which are not mentioned in the client's presentation.

Choice C rationale:

Indicators of substance-induced mood disorder. Substance-induced mood disorder occurs as a result of substance use or withdrawal and involves changes in mood and affect. While substances can lead to symptoms similar to depression, the combination of symptoms presented by the client (fatigue, difficulty concentrating, thoughts of worthlessness) is more indicative of a primary mood disorder rather than one directly caused by substance use.

Choice D rationale:

Criteria for diagnosing MDD according to DSM-5. The client's symptoms of extreme fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of worthlessness align with the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). These criteria include the presence of specific symptoms for a specified duration, causing significant impairment in functioning. The symptoms should not be better explained by other conditions or substances. In this case, the client's presentation closely matches the criteria for diagnosing MDD.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Increased appetite is not a commonly associated side effect of antidepressant medications. In fact, some antidepressants can lead to decreased appetite or weight loss as side effects.

Choice B rationale:

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is generally not a common side effect of most antidepressant medications. However, there are specific cases where certain antidepressants might have an impact on blood pressure, but it's not a typical side effect across the board.

Choice C rationale:

This is the correct statement. Insomnia, or difficulty sleeping, is a commonly reported side effect of many antidepressant medications. It can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to increased sleep difficulties, which might exacerbate existing sleep problems or contribute to new ones.

Choice D rationale:

Excessive energy is not a common side effect associated with antidepressant use. Antidepressants typically work to regulate mood and alleviate symptoms of depression, and excessive energy would not align with the expected effects of these medications.

A. Positive life events. B. High income. C. Lack of social support. D. Optimistic thinking.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Positive life events, although beneficial, are not typically considered contributors to the development of depression. Positive events generally have a positive impact on mental health and may even serve as protective factors against depression.

Choice B rationale:

High income is not commonly recognized as a direct contributor to depression. In fact, higher income can provide access to better resources and opportunities that might contribute to better mental health outcomes.

Choice C rationale:

Lack of social support is a well-established factor contributing to the development of depression. Social support plays a crucial role in buffering against stress and providing individuals with a sense of belonging and emotional connection. A lack of strong social ties can lead to feelings of isolation and increase vulnerability to depression.

Choice D rationale:

Optimistic thinking is typically considered a protective factor against depression rather than a contributor to its development. Optimistic thinking involves a positive outlook on life and the expectation of positive outcomes, which can act as a resilience factor against depressive symptoms.

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A nurse is conducting a mental health assessment on a client. The client reports feeling extremely fatigued, having difficulty concentrating, and having thoughts of worthlessness. The nurse recognizes these as:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client is concerned about the potential side effects of antidepressant medications. Which of the following side effects is commonly associated with antidepressant use?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client wants to understand the factors that contribute to the development of depression. Which of the following factors are mentioned in the text as potential contributors to depression?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a group of clients about the treatment approaches for MDD. Which of the following modalities are considered main treatment options for MDD according to the text? Select all that apply.

A nurse is assessing a client who has been experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. The client denies any history of manic episodes. Which of the following conditions should the nurse consider as a possible differential diagnosis for this client?

A nurse is providing education to a group of nursing students about major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following statements accurately describes a characteristic of MDD?

A nurse is explaining the role of neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of MDD to a group of nursing students. Which neurotransmitters are mentioned in the text as being involved in regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response?

A client is wondering about the genetic factors that contribute to depression. What is the relationship between genetic factors and depression according to the text?

A nurse is discussing the various treatment approaches for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a client. Which treatment modality involves stimulating the brain electrically or magnetically to induce changes in neuronal activity and neuroplasticity?

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is assessing a client for major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with the clinical presentation of MDD? Select all that apply.

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a client about the psychosocial factors that can influence or be influenced by depression. Which of the following factors are associated with depression and its effects on cognitive processes? Select all that apply.