A client is sharing their experiences with a nurse. The client states, "I just can't seem to enjoy anything anymore. Even activities I used to love don't bring me pleasure." This statement by the client is indicative of:

A manic episode.

Bipolar disorder.

Anhedonia, a characteristic of MDD.

Adjustment disorder.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A rationale:

A manic episode is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, often accompanied by increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behavior. The client's description does not align with a manic episode.

Choice B rationale:

Bipolar disorder involves cycling between periods of mania or hypomania and depression. The client's statement does not provide evidence of mood cycling, which is characteristic of bipolar disorder.

Choice C rationale:

The client's statement directly describes anhedonia, which is a key characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). Anhedonia involves the inability to derive pleasure from activities that were previously enjoyable, and it is a central diagnostic criterion for MDD.

Choice D rationale:

Adjustment disorder is a condition characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop in response to a specific stressor. The client's statement is more indicative of a pervasive and ongoing lack of enjoyment, which aligns with the concept of anhedonia in MDD rather than the time-limited nature of adjustment disorder.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Social support refers to the network of family, friends, and community that provide emotional and practical assistance. Depression can be influenced by inadequate social support, as having a strong support system can buffer against the development and exacerbation of depressive symptoms.

Choice B rationale:

Personalization involves attributing external events to oneself, often in a negative manner. While this cognitive distortion is relevant to depression, it is not mentioned in the question stem and does not directly relate to cognitive processes influenced by depression.

Choice C rationale:

Cognitive distortions are irrational and negative thought patterns that are common in depression. These distortions contribute to the maintenance of depressive symptoms. Examples include all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and catastrophizing.

Choice D rationale:

Catastrophizing involves magnifying the negative significance of events. While it can contribute to depressive thought patterns, it is not as central to cognitive processes influenced by depression as cognitive distortions are.

Choice E rationale:

Interpersonal relationships are affected by depression and can also contribute to its development. The question does not focus on the effects of depression on relationships, but rather on the factors that can influence or be influenced by depression.

A. Depression is solely caused by genetic factors, with no influence from environmental factors. B. Genetic factors play a minor role in depression, with environmental factors being the primary cause. C. Genetic theory suggests that specific genes are responsible for causing depression, independent of environmental factors. D. Genetic factors make some individuals more vulnerable to developing depression, but environmental factors also play a significant role in its expression.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Depression is not solely caused by genetic factors. While genetics do play a role in predisposing individuals to depression, it's a complex interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental influences that contribute to the development of the disorder.

Choice B rationale:

Genetic factors are not minor players in depression. Research suggests that genetics can significantly influence a person's susceptibility to depression. However, environmental factors, such as trauma, stress, and life experiences, also contribute substantially to the onset and course of depression.

Choice C rationale:

The relationship between genetics and depression is not as straightforward as specific genes causing depression independently of environmental factors. Depression is a multifactorial disorder influenced by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors.

Choice D rationale:

This is the correct answer. Genetic factors do contribute to an individual's vulnerability to depression. Studies of families, twins, and heritability have demonstrated a genetic component to depression. However, it's crucial to recognize that genetic predisposition interacts with environmental factors. Trauma, loss, chronic stress, and other environmental triggers can precipitate depressive episodes in genetically susceptible individuals.

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A client is sharing their experiences with a nurse. The client states, "I just can't seem to enjoy anything anymore. Even activities I used to love don't bring me pleasure." This statement by the client is indicative of:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a client about the psychosocial factors that can influence or be influenced by depression. Which of the following factors are associated with depression and its effects on cognitive processes? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A client is wondering about the genetic factors that contribute to depression. What is the relationship between genetic factors and depression according to the text?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A client is curious about the impact of chronic stress on the development of depression. Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between chronic stress and depression according to the text?

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a group of clients about the treatment approaches for MDD. Which of the following modalities are considered main treatment options for MDD according to the text? Select all that apply.

A client is sharing their experiences with a nurse. The client states, "I just can't seem to enjoy anything anymore. Even activities I used to love don't bring me pleasure." This statement by the client is indicative of:

A nurse is assessing a client who has been experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. The client denies any history of manic episodes. Which of the following conditions should the nurse consider as a possible differential diagnosis for this client?

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) according to DSM-5. Which of the following are part of the diagnostic criteria? Select all that apply.

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is assessing a client for major depressive disorder (MDD). Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent with the clinical presentation of MDD? Select all that apply.

A nurse is conducting a mental health assessment on a client. The client reports feeling extremely fatigued, having difficulty concentrating, and having thoughts of worthlessness. The nurse recognizes these as:

A client wants to understand the factors that contribute to the development of depression. Which of the following factors are mentioned in the text as potential contributors to depression?