A nurse is administering a depression assessment tool to a client. The tool evaluates mood, anxiety, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and other aspects of depression. Which assessment tool is the nurse most likely using?

Patient Health . Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D).

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

Patient Health naire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is a commonly used depression assessment tool that evaluates a patient's mood and depressive symptoms. It consists of nine questions that correspond to the nine criteria for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD) according to the DSM-5. The tool assesses various aspects of depression, such as mood, sleep disturbances, appetite changes, and more. It's a self-report questionnaire that helps clinicians assess the severity of a patient's depression and track their progress over time.

Choice B rationale:

Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) is another widely used tool for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with mood disorders. It contains multiple items that evaluate various aspects of depression, such as mood, feelings of guilt, suicidal ideation, and more. Unlike the PHQ-9, the HAM-D is typically administered by a trained clinician and is more extensive, making it suitable for clinical research and diagnosis but potentially less practical for routine screening.

Choice C rationale:

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in individuals. It consists of 21 multiple-choice questions that cover various emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms of depression. The BDI is useful for assessing the intensity of depression and changes in symptom severity over time. While a valuable tool, it's not the assessment tool most likely used in this scenario.

Choice D rationale:

Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is not an appropriate tool for assessing depression. Instead, it's a brief cognitive screening test used to assess cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in individuals, especially in older adults. It evaluates aspects such as orientation, memory, attention, language, and visuospatial skills. It is not designed to assess mood, anxiety, or other emotional aspects related to depression.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Pharmacological interventions involve the use of medications to treat conditions like Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This does not involve stimulating the brain electrically or magnetically. While antidepressant medications can have an impact on neuronal activity and neuroplasticity, they are not classified as brain stimulation therapies.

Choice B rationale:

This is the correct answer. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a treatment modality that involves passing an electrical current through the brain to induce a controlled seizure. This has been found to be effective in cases of severe depression where other treatments have not worked. Other somatic therapies might include repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), both of which involve modulating brain activity through electrical or magnetic means.

Choice C rationale:

Psychotherapeutic interventions involve talking therapies aimed at addressing psychological and emotional issues. These therapies do not directly involve electrical or magnetic stimulation of the brain. While they can certainly lead to changes in neuronal activity and neuroplasticity, they are not the primary modalities for brain stimulation.

Choice D rationale:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a specific type of psychotherapeutic intervention that focuses on changing thought patterns and behaviors. While CBT can lead to changes in brain activity and neuroplasticity, it does not involve direct brain stimulation through electrical or magnetic means like ECT or rTMS.

A. Genetic predisposition. B. Role of stress and life events. C. Interpersonal relationships. D. Cognitive factors. E. Neurotransmitter imbalances.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Genetic predisposition refers to a person's susceptibility to certain conditions based on their genetic makeup. While genetics can play a role in predisposing someone to depression, it is not considered a psychosocial factor. Genetic factors are biological in nature and do not directly involve social and psychological influences.

Choice B rationale:

The role of stress and life events is a significant psychosocial factor related to depression. Stressful life events, such as trauma, loss, or major life changes, can trigger or exacerbate depressive episodes in susceptible individuals. The interaction between these external stressors and an individual's psychological responses is a key aspect of psychosocial factors.

Choice C rationale:

Interpersonal relationships are another important psychosocial factor linked to depression. Poor interpersonal relationships, social isolation, and conflicts with friends or family can contribute to feelings of loneliness and despair, increasing the risk of developing depression.

Choice D rationale:

Cognitive factors, including negative thought patterns and distorted thinking, are considered psychosocial contributors to depression. Cognitive theories of depression emphasize how an individual's thought processes, self-perception, and interpretation of events can influence their emotional state. Dysfunctional thought patterns, such as excessive self-criticism or hopelessness, can contribute to the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms.

Choice E rationale:

Neurotransmitter imbalances are not psychosocial factors. They are more related to the biological underpinnings of depression rather than the social and psychological influences explored in psychosocial factors.

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A nurse is administering a depression assessment tool to a client. The tool evaluates mood, anxiety, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and other aspects of depression. Which assessment tool is the nurse most likely using?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is discussing the various treatment approaches for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with a client. Which treatment modality involves stimulating the brain electrically or magnetically to induce changes in neuronal activity and neuroplasticity?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is discussing the psychosocial factors that can affect or be affected by depression with a client. Which of the following factors are considered psychosocial factors related to depression? Select all that apply.

Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]

Explanation

A client is wondering about the genetic factors that contribute to depression. What is the relationship between genetic factors and depression according to the text?

A client asks a nurse about the differences between major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia. Which of the following responses by the nurse is accurate?

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) according to DSM-5. Which of the following are part of the diagnostic criteria? Select all that apply.

A client is experiencing persistent feelings of sadness, guilt, and worthlessness. They also report significant weight loss and insomnia. The nurse suspects the client may have:

A client wants to understand the factors that contribute to the development of depression. Which of the following factors are mentioned in the text as potential contributors to depression?

A nurse is administering a depression assessment tool to a client. The tool evaluates mood, anxiety, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and other aspects of depression. Which assessment tool is the nurse most likely using?

(Select All That Apply): A nurse is educating a client about the psychosocial factors that can influence or be influenced by depression. Which of the following factors are associated with depression and its effects on cognitive processes? Select all that apply.

A nurse is explaining the role of neurotransmitters in the pathophysiology of MDD to a group of nursing students. Which neurotransmitters are mentioned in the text as being involved in regulating mood, motivation, reward, cognition, and stress response?