A nurse is administering a depression assessment tool to a client. The tool evaluates mood, anxiety, insomnia, somatic symptoms, and other aspects of depression. Which assessment tool is the nurse most likely using?
Patient Health . Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D).
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale:
Patient Health naire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 is a commonly used depression assessment tool that evaluates a patient's mood and depressive symptoms. It consists of nine questions that correspond to the nine criteria for diagnosing major depressive disorder (MDD) according to the DSM-5. The tool assesses various aspects of depression, such as mood, sleep disturbances, appetite changes, and more. It's a self-report questionnaire that helps clinicians assess the severity of a patient's depression and track their progress over time.
Choice B rationale:
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) is another widely used tool for assessing the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with mood disorders. It contains multiple items that evaluate various aspects of depression, such as mood, feelings of guilt, suicidal ideation, and more. Unlike the PHQ-9, the HAM-D is typically administered by a trained clinician and is more extensive, making it suitable for clinical research and diagnosis but potentially less practical for routine screening.
Choice C rationale:
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire designed to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms in individuals. It consists of 21 multiple-choice questions that cover various emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms of depression. The BDI is useful for assessing the intensity of depression and changes in symptom severity over time. While a valuable tool, it's not the assessment tool most likely used in this scenario.
Choice D rationale:
Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is not an appropriate tool for assessing depression. Instead, it's a brief cognitive screening test used to assess cognitive impairment and cognitive decline in individuals, especially in older adults. It evaluates aspects such as orientation, memory, attention, language, and visuospatial skills. It is not designed to assess mood, anxiety, or other emotional aspects related to depression.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and other somatic therapies are considered main treatment options for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). ECT involves passing electric currents through the brain to induce controlled seizures, and it's often used in severe cases of depression that haven't responded to other treatments. Somatic therapies encompass a range of interventions that directly target the body, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). These treatments are supported by extensive research and clinical evidence, particularly for cases where pharmacological interventions haven't been effective or suitable.
Choice B rationale:
Pharmacological interventions are indeed a mainstay in MDD treatment. However, while they are effective for many individuals, they might not work for everyone and can have side effects. Hence, the treatment approach should be tailored to the individual's needs and preferences.
Choice C rationale:
Herbal supplements are not considered main treatment options for MDD according to established clinical guidelines. While some herbal supplements might have anecdotal support for mood enhancement, their efficacy and safety are not well-established through rigorous scientific research and clinical trials.
Choice D rationale:
Physical exercise has been shown to have a positive impact on mood and can be a beneficial adjunct to MDD treatment. However, it's typically not considered a standalone main treatment option. Rather, it's often recommended as a complementary approach alongside other evidence-based treatments.
Choice E rationale:
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a psychological approach that combines mindfulness meditation with cognitive behavioral techniques. While MBCT has shown promise in preventing relapse for individuals with recurrent depression, it's usually used as a psychotherapeutic adjunct to other main treatments like pharmacological interventions or psychotherapy.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
A manic episode is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, often accompanied by increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive behavior. The client's description does not align with a manic episode.
Choice B rationale:
Bipolar disorder involves cycling between periods of mania or hypomania and depression. The client's statement does not provide evidence of mood cycling, which is characteristic of bipolar disorder.
Choice C rationale:
The client's statement directly describes anhedonia, which is a key characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD). Anhedonia involves the inability to derive pleasure from activities that were previously enjoyable, and it is a central diagnostic criterion for MDD.
Choice D rationale:
Adjustment disorder is a condition characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms that develop in response to a specific stressor. The client's statement is more indicative of a pervasive and ongoing lack of enjoyment, which aligns with the concept of anhedonia in MDD rather than the time-limited nature of adjustment disorder.
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