(Select all that apply) A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by which means?

Development of medication resistance in the host

Over-riding of the minimum bactericidal concentration

Incorrect dosing, which contributes to ribosome mutations

Transfer of DNA coding to other bacteria

Spontaneous mutation in the microbial genome.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : D,E

A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by transferring DNA coding to other bacteria or by spontaneous mutation in the microbial genome.

These genetic changes allow the microbe to survive the effects of the antibiotic and pass on the resistance to its offspring.

Choice A is wrong because the host does not develop medication resistance, but the microbe does.

Choice B is wrong because the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic needed to kill 99.9% of bacteria, not a mechanism of resistance.

Choice C is wrong because incorrect dosing does not cause ribosome mutations, but may promote the emergence of drug-resistant microbes by exposing them to suboptimal levels of the antibiotic.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that can cause a rare but serious side effect calledQT prolongation, which affects the electrical activity of the heart and can lead toirregular heartbeats, chest pain, and sudden cardiac death. The patient should report any signs of chest pain or palpitations to the doctor immediately.

Choice A is wrong because diarrhea is a common side effect of azithromycin that usually does not require medical attention unless it is severe or bloody.

Choice B is wrong because headache is also a common side effect of azithromycin that usually does not require medical attention unless it is severe or persistent.

Choice D is wrong because nausea is another common side effect of azithromycin that usually does not require medical attention unless it is severe or accompanied by vomiting.

A. Red-orange discoloration of body fluids B. Metallic taste in mouth C. Photosensitivity reaction D. Ototoxicity.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse should instruct the client about this possibility and reassure them that it is harmless and will disappear when the medication is discontinued.

Choice B is wrong because metallic taste in mouth is not a side effect of rifampin, but of metronidazole, an antibiotic used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria or protozoa.

Choice C is wrong because photosensitivity reaction is not a side effect of rifampin, but of tetracycline, an antibiotic used to treat acne and other infections.

Choice D is wrong because ototoxicity is not a side effect of rifampin, but of aminoglycosides, a class of antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.

Ototoxicity can cause hearing loss or balance problems.

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(Select all that apply) A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by which means?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient has been prescribed azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, for a respiratory infection. The nurse should instruct the patient to report which of the following signs or symptoms of a potential adverse effect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has tuberculosis and is prescribed rifampin, an antitubercular drug. The nurse should instruct the client about which potential side effect of rifampin?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis about the prescribed drug regimen, which includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The nurse should instruct the client to report which signs or symptoms as possible adverse effects of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)

A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, to a client with a severe infection caused by Clostridium difficile. The nurse should select all that apply:

The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving vancomycin (Vancocin) for treatment of an infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which assessment finding would indicate a potentially serious adverse reaction to this drug?

Which of the following antiviral medications prevents viral fusion with host cell membrane?

A nurse is preparing to administer ivermectin to a client who has onchocerciasis (river blindness). Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for in this client?

(Select all that apply) A microbe acquires antibiotic resistance by which means?

Which term is used to describe an agent that inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill bacteria?