Which statement is true regarding antimicrobial stewardship?
Antibiotic guidelines in critical care reduce the hospital length of stay.
Inappropriate antibiotic use leads to the emergence of resistance.
Antibiotic dosing has little effect on antimicrobial resistance.
An antibiotic stewardship programme leads to an increase in antimicrobial resistance.
The Correct Answer is B
Inappropriate antibiotic use leads to the emergence of resistance. This is a well-established fact that is supported by the CDC and other organizations. Resistance can occur when antibiotics are used unnecessarily, excessively, or incorrectly, and can lead to infections that are harder to treat and more costly.
Choice A is wrong because antibiotic guidelines in critical care do not necessarily reduce the hospital length of stay. Although some studies have suggested that adherence to pneumonia guidelines may improve outcomes in severe pneumonia, other studies have found no significant effect of antibiotic stewardship on hospital length of stay or mortality in critically ill patients.
Therefore, this statement is not universally true.
Choice C is wrong because antibiotic dosing has a significant effect on antimicrobial resistance. Optimal dosing of antibiotics can help eradicate infections, prevent relapse, and minimize the selection of resistant bacteria. Conversely, suboptimal dosing can lead to treatment failure, prolonged infection, and increased resistance.
Therefore, antibiotic dosing should be carefully adjusted according to the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the drug and the patient.
Choice D is wrong because an antibiotic stewardship programme leads to a decrease in antimicrobial resistance, not an increase. An antibiotic stewardship programme is a coordinated effort to improve and measure the appropriate use of antibiotics by promoting the selection of the optimal drug regimen, dose, duration, and route of administration. Such programmes have been shown to reduce antibiotic consumption, resistance rates, adverse events, and costs in various settings.
Therefore, this statement is false.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
They are effective against a few types of organisms.Narrow spectrum antibiotics are antibiotics that work against a limited range of bacteria, usually either gram-positive or gram-negative.They are more specific and less likely to cause resistance or disrupt the normal flora.
Choice A) They are effective against gram-positive bacteria only.This is not true because some narrow spectrum antibiotics can also target gram-negative bacteria, such as aminoglycosides.
Choice B) They are effective against gram-negative bacteria only.This is not true because some narrow spectrum antibiotics can also target gram-positive bacteria, such as vancomycin.
Choice C) They are effective against one type of organism.This is too restrictive because narrow spectrum antibiotics can work against more than one type of organism, such as penicillins that target both streptococci and staphylococci.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
These are the antimalarial drugs that are recommended for prophylaxis by the CDC and other sources.
They are effective against the malaria parasites that are resistant to chloroquine and primaquine, which are the other two options.
Choice A is wrong because chloroquine is not effective in areas where chloroquine resistance is present, which is most of the malaria-endemic regions.
Choice B is wrong because primaquine is not used for prophylaxis, but for radical cure of vivax and ovale malaria.It also requires a test for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency before use, as it can cause hemolysis in people with this condition.
Choice C is correct because mefloquine is a suppressive prophylactic that can be used in areas with chloroquine resistance.
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