A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis.
The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)
Urticaria
Bronchospasm
Anaphylaxis
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Angioedema.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Cefazolin can cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions in some patients, especially those with a history of penicillin allergy. The most common allergic reactions to cefazolin are immediate reactions, such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, bronchospasm, and angioedema. These reactions usually occur within one hour of the drug administration and may involve symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and shock. Immediate reactions are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that bind to the drug and trigger the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils.
Choice D is wrong because Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not a typical allergic reaction to cefazolin.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare and severe skin reaction that can be caused by various drugs, infections, or autoimmune diseases.
It involves blistering and peeling of the skin and mucous membranes, fever, malaise, and eye inflammation.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not mediated by IgE antibodies, but by other immune mechanisms that damage the skin cells.
Cefazolin is not known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome, although other cephalosporins have been reported to do so in rare cases.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
Tetracycline can causephotosensitivity, which means increased sensitivity to sunlight and risk of sunburn.It can also causesuperinfection, which means overgrowth of resistant bacteria or fungi in the mouth, intestines, or vagina.
Choice B is wrong because tetracycline can causetooth discolorationin children under 8 years old, not in adults.
Choice C is wrong because tetracycline can causehepatic impairmentonly in patients with preexisting liver disease or who take high doses for a long time.
Choice E is wrong because tetracycline can causebone marrow suppressiononly in patients with preexisting blood disorders or who take high doses for a long time.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity, which is damage to the kidneys.Serum creatinine is a measure of kidney function and should be monitored closely during gentamicin therapy. The normal range for serum creatinine is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for men and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for women.
Choice B is wrong because serum potassium is not affected by gentamicin.
The normal range for serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.
Choice C is wrong because serum calcium is not affected by gentamicin.
The normal range for serum calcium is 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL.
Choice D is wrong because serum glucose is not affected by gentamicin.
The normal range for serum glucose is 70 to 110 mg/dL.
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