A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis.
The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)

Urticaria

Bronchospasm

Anaphylaxis

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Angioedema.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

Cefazolin can cause serious or life-threatening allergic reactions in some patients, especially those with a history of penicillin allergy. The most common allergic reactions to cefazolin are immediate reactions, such as anaphylaxis, urticaria, bronchospasm, and angioedema. These reactions usually occur within one hour of the drug administration and may involve symptoms such as rash, itching, swelling, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and shock. Immediate reactions are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that bind to the drug and trigger the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils.

Choice D is wrong because Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not a typical allergic reaction to cefazolin.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare and severe skin reaction that can be caused by various drugs, infections, or autoimmune diseases.

It involves blistering and peeling of the skin and mucous membranes, fever, malaise, and eye inflammation.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not mediated by IgE antibodies, but by other immune mechanisms that damage the skin cells.

Cefazolin is not known to cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome, although other cephalosporins have been reported to do so in rare cases.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because nystatin suspension is an antifungal medication that works by coating the oral mucosa and killing the candida organisms.Swishing and swallowing the medication ensures that it reaches all the affected areas in the mouth and throat.

Choice B is wrong because administering the medication with a dropper to avoid aspiration is not necessary for a client who has oral candidiasis.

The client should be able to swish and swallow the medication without difficulty.

Choice C is wrong because diluting the medication with water before giving it to the client reduces its effectiveness and concentration.

The medication should be given undiluted for optimal results.

Choice D is wrong because giving the medication after meals to increase its effectiveness is not accurate.The medication should be given at least 30 minutes before or after meals to avoid interference with food or beverages.

A. Monitor the client’s serum creatinine level B. Monitor the client’s serum vancomycin level C. Infuse the drug over at least 60 minutes D. Observe the client

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Here is why:

• Choice A:Monitor the client’s serum creatinine level.

This is correct because vancomycin can cause nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys) and serum creatinine is a marker of kidney function.A high serum creatinine level indicates impaired kidney function and may require dose adjustment or discontinuation of vancomycin.

• Choice B:Monitor the client’s serum vancomycin level.

This is correct because vancomycin has a narrow therapeutic range, meaning that there is a small difference between the effective dose and the toxic dose.Monitoring the serum vancomycin level can help to ensure that the drug is within the therapeutic range and avoid toxicity or suboptimal efficacy.

• Choice C:Infuse the drug over at least 60 minutes.

This is correct because vancomycin can cause a hypersensitivity reaction called “red man syndrome” or “red neck syndrome”, which is characterized by flushing, itching, rash, hypotension and tachycardia.

This reaction is not an allergy but a result of histamine release due to rapid infusion of vancomycin.Infusing the drug over at least 60 minutes can reduce the risk of this reaction.

• Choice D:Observe the client for signs of ototoxicity.

This is incorrect because vancomycin is not known to cause ototoxicity (damage to the ears) in humans.Ototoxicity has been reported in animal studies and in vitro studies, but not in clinical trials or case reports involving humans.

Therefore, there is no need to monitor for signs of ototoxicity such as hearing loss, tinnitus or vertigo.

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A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis. The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who has oral candidiasis and is prescribed nystatin suspension. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, to a client with a severe infection caused by Clostridium difficile. The nurse should select all that apply:

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has a fungal infection and is receiving itraconazole therapy. Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication?

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who will be taking oral linezolid (Zyvox) to treat a complicated skin infection caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, for a severe infection. The nurse should monitor the client for which adverse effects of this drug? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following antiviral medications inhibits neuraminidase enzyme?

A nurse is administering penicillin to a client who has streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect of penicillin therapy?

A nurse is preparing to administer ivermectin to a client who has onchocerciasis (river blindness). Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for in this client?

A nurse is teaching a client who has been prescribed tetracycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, for acne vulgaris. Which of these instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement is true regarding antimicrobial stewardship?

A patient is receiving cefazolin, a first-generation cephalosporin, for a surgical prophylaxis.
The nurse should assess the patient for which of the following possible allergic reactions? (Select all that apply.)