A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has a fungal infection and is receiving itraconazole therapy.
Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication?

Elevated serum creatinine level

Decreased serum potassium level

Increased serum glucose level

Decreased white blood cell count.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

This is because itraconazole can cause renal impairment and decreased urine output as an adverse effect. A normal serum creatinine level is 0.6 to 1.2 mg/dL for males and 0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL for females.

Choice B is wrong because decreased serum potassium level is not an adverse effect of itraconazole. Itraconazole can cause hypokalemia, which is a low level of potassium in the blood, but this is usually due to fluid retention and heart failure caused by the drug. A normal serum potassium level is 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.

Choice C is wrong because increased serum glucose level is not an adverse effect of itraconazole. Itraconazole can cause hyperglycemia, which is a high level of glucose in the blood, but this is usually due to diabetes mellitus or steroid use in patients taking the drug. A normal serum glucose level is 70 to 100 mg/dL.

Choice D is wrong because decreased white blood cell count is not an adverse effect of itraconazole. Itraconazole can cause leukopenia, which is a low level of white blood cells in the blood, but this is usually due to bone marrow suppression or infection in patients taking the drug. A normal white blood cell count is 4,500 to 11,000 cells/mm3.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because antibiotics act synergistically with the immune system to subdue infection, and it is critical for success that the host defenses are adequate.

Choice A is wrong becauseAge is wrong because age is a general factor that must be considered when choosing any medication, not just antimicrobials.

Choice C is wrong becauseGenetic heritage is wrong because genetic heritage is also a general factor that may affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Choice D is wrong becausePrevious medication reactions is wrong because previous medication reactions are also a general factor that may indicate allergies or intolerances to certain medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Normal ranges for immune function vary depending on the type and level of immunity measured, such as innate, adaptive, humoral or cellular immunity.Some common tests for immune function include complete blood count (CBC), immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, antibody titers and skin tests.

Normal ranges for these tests depend on the laboratory and the method used, but some examples are:

• CBC: white blood cell count 4.5-11 x 10^9/L; neutrophils 40-75%; lymphocytes 20-50%; monocytes 2-10%; eosinophils 1-6%; basophils 0-2%.

• Immunoglobulin levels: IgG 7-16 g/L; IgA 0.7-4 g/L; IgM 0.4-2.3 g/L; IgE 0-0.4 g/L.

• Complement levels: C3 0.9-1.8 g

A. Hypertension B. Tinnitus C. Mazzotti reaction D. Stevens-Johnson syndrome.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A Mazzotti reaction is a severe inflammatory response that can occur after taking ivermectin for onchocerciasis (river blindness), a parasitic infection caused by Onchocerca volvulus.The reaction is due to the death of the microfilariae (larvae) of the parasite and can cause fever, rash, itching, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes, and eye inflammation.

Choice A is wrong because hypertension is not a common adverse effect of ivermectin.Hypotension, however, can occur in some cases.

Choice B is wrong because tinnitus is not a common adverse effect of ivermectin.Tinnitus is a ringing or buzzing sound in the ears that can be caused by various factors, such as exposure to loud noise, ear infections, or certain medications.

Choice D is wrong because Stevens-Johnson syndrome is not a common adverse effect of ivermectin.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a rare but serious skin reaction that can be triggered by infections or medications.

It causes blisters and peeling of the skin and mucous membranes.

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has a fungal infection and is receiving itraconazole therapy. Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is preparing to administer ivermectin to a client who has onchocerciasis (river blindness). Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for in this client?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Which of the following antiviral medications prevents viral fusion with host cell membrane?

Which of the following antiviral medications inhibits neuraminidase enzyme?

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A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has a fungal infection and is receiving itraconazole therapy.
Which of the following findings should alert the nurse to a potential adverse effect of this medication?