The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?
Age
Competent immune function
Genetic heritage
Previous medication reactions.
The Correct Answer is B
This is because antibiotics act synergistically with the immune system to subdue infection, and it is critical for success that the host defenses are adequate.
Choice A is wrong because Age is wrong because age is a general factor that must be considered when choosing any medication, not just antimicrobials.
Choice C is wrong because Genetic heritage is wrong because genetic heritage is also a general factor that may affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.
Choice D is wrong because Previous medication reactions is wrong because previous medication reactions are also a general factor that may indicate allergies or intolerances to certain medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.
Normal ranges for immune function vary depending on the type and level of immunity measured, such as innate, adaptive, humoral or cellular immunity. Some common tests for immune function include complete blood count (CBC), immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, antibody titers and skin tests.
Normal ranges for these tests depend on the laboratory and the method used, but some examples are:
• CBC: white blood cell count 4.5-11 x 10^9/L; neutrophils 40-75%; lymphocytes 20-50%; monocytes 2-10%; eosinophils 1-6%; basophils 0-2%.
• Immunoglobulin levels: IgG 7-16 g/L; IgA 0.7-4 g/L; IgM 0.4-2.3 g/L; IgE 0-0.4 g/L.
• Complement levels: C3 0.9-1.8 g
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A is wrong because azithromycin (Zithromax) should be takenwith foodto prevent stomach upset.
Choice B is correct because azithromycin can causeliver damageand the client should report any signs ofjaundiceordark urineas they may indicate liver problems.
Choice C is correct because azithromycin can interact withgrapefruit juiceand increase the risk ofside effectssuch as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache and QT interval prolongation.
Choice D is correct because the client shouldcomplete the full course of therapyas prescribed to prevent bacterial resistance and recurrence of infection.
Choice E is wrong because azithromycin should be stored in arefrigeratorand discarded after 10 days if it is in a liquid form.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Ceftriaxone belongs to the third-generation of cephalosporins.Third-generation cephalosporins have greater activity than the second-generation cephalosporins against certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.They are also more resistant to beta-lactamases, enzymes that can inactivate some cephalosporins.
Choice A is wrong because first-generation cephalosporins have less activity against gram-negative bacteria and are more susceptible to beta-lactamases.
Choice B is wrong because second-generation cephalosporins have less activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae than third-generation cephalosporins, and are also less resistant to beta-lactamases.
Choice D is wrong because fourth-generation cephalosporins have a broader spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, including some that are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, but they are not more effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
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