The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Age

Competent immune function

Genetic heritage

Previous medication reactions.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

This is because antibiotics act synergistically with the immune system to subdue infection, and it is critical for success that the host defenses are adequate.

Choice A is wrong because Age is wrong because age is a general factor that must be considered when choosing any medication, not just antimicrobials.

Choice C is wrong because Genetic heritage is wrong because genetic heritage is also a general factor that may affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Choice D is wrong because Previous medication reactions is wrong because previous medication reactions are also a general factor that may indicate allergies or intolerances to certain medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Normal ranges for immune function vary depending on the type and level of immunity measured, such as innate, adaptive, humoral or cellular immunity. Some common tests for immune function include complete blood count (CBC), immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, antibody titers and skin tests.

Normal ranges for these tests depend on the laboratory and the method used, but some examples are:

• CBC: white blood cell count 4.5-11 x 10^9/L; neutrophils 40-75%; lymphocytes 20-50%; monocytes 2-10%; eosinophils 1-6%; basophils 0-2%.

• Immunoglobulin levels: IgG 7-16 g/L; IgA 0.7-4 g/L; IgM 0.4-2.3 g/L; IgE 0-0.4 g/L.

• Complement levels: C3 0.9-1.8 g

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A superinfection is defined as an infection that comes second to an initial infection and is often caused by the elimination of normal flora by an antibiotic.

Normal flora are the microorganisms that normally live in the human body and help prevent the growth of harmful pathogens.

When an antibiotic kills the normal flora, it creates an opportunity for other microorganisms to overgrow and cause a new infection.

Choice A is wrong because a resistant infection is an infection that does not respond to an antibiotic due to the presence of resistant bacteria.

Resistance can occur when bacteria mutate or acquire genes that make them able to survive the antibiotic.

Choice C is wrong because a nosocomial infection is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or health care setting.

Nosocomial infections can be caused by various factors, such as exposure to contaminated equipment, poor hygiene practices, or transmission from other patients or staff.

Choice D is wrong because an allergic reaction is an immune response to a foreign substance that is not harmful.

Allergic reactions can occur when a person is sensitive to an antibiotic or any other drug.

Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.

A. Jaundice B. Vision changes C. Hearing loss D. Orange-colored urine E. Numbness in the hands or feet.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

Jaundice, vision changes and numbness in the hands or feet are possible adverse effects of the drugs used to treat tuberculosis.The nurse should instruct the client to report these signs or symptoms as they may indicate liver damage, optic neuritis or peripheral neuropathy respectively.

Choice C is wrong because hearing loss is not a common side effect of these drugs.Hearing loss may be caused by other drugs such as aminoglycosides.

Choice D is wrong because orange-colored urine is a harmless side effect of rifampin and does not need to be reported.

The nurse should inform the client about this expected change and reassure them that it is not harmful.

The normal ranges for liver function tests are:

• AST: 10-40 U/L

• ALT: 7-56 U/L

• ALP: 45-115 U/L

• Bilirubin: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL

The normal range for visual acuity is 20/20.

The normal range for sensation is intact and symmetrical in all extremities.

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The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The development of a new infection as a result of the elimination of normal flora by an antibiotic is referred to as what?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis about the prescribed drug regimen, which includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The nurse should instruct the client to report which signs or symptoms as possible adverse effects of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]

Explanation

A patient has been prescribed azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, for a respiratory infection. The nurse should instruct the patient to report which of the following signs or symptoms of a potential adverse effect?

A nurse is teaching a client who has been prescribed tetracycline, a tetracycline antibiotic, for acne vulgaris. Which of these instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement is true regarding narrow spectrum antibiotics?

The nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who will be taking oral linezolid (Zyvox) to treat a complicated skin infection caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching?

The nurse is caring for a patient receiving vancomycin (Vancocin) for treatment of an infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which assessment finding would indicate a potentially serious adverse reaction to this drug?

A nurse is caring for a client who has trichomoniasis and is prescribed tinidazole. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client?

A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving gentamicin IV for treatment of endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Which laboratory value should be monitored closely during gentamicin therapy?

A nurse is preparing to administer ivermectin to a client who has onchocerciasis (river blindness). Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for in this client?