A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis about the prescribed drug regimen, which includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
The nurse should instruct the client to report which signs or symptoms as possible adverse effects of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)

Jaundice

Vision changes

Hearing loss

Orange-colored urine

Numbness in the hands or feet.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,E

Jaundice, vision changes and numbness in the hands or feet are possible adverse effects of the drugs used to treat tuberculosis. The nurse should instruct the client to report these signs or symptoms as they may indicate liver damage, optic neuritis or peripheral neuropathy respectively.

Choice C is wrong because hearing loss is not a common side effect of these drugs. Hearing loss may be caused by other drugs such as aminoglycosides.

Choice D is wrong because orange-colored urine is a harmless side effect of rifampin and does not need to be reported.

The nurse should inform the client about this expected change and reassure them that it is not harmful.

The normal ranges for liver function tests are:

• AST: 10-40 U/L

• ALT: 7-56 U/L

• ALP: 45-115 U/L

• Bilirubin: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL

The normal range for visual acuity is 20/20.

The normal range for sensation is intact and symmetrical in all extremities.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Ceftriaxone belongs to the third-generation of cephalosporins.Third-generation cephalosporins have greater activity than the second-generation cephalosporins against certain gram-negative bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae.They are also more resistant to beta-lactamases, enzymes that can inactivate some cephalosporins.

Choice A is wrong because first-generation cephalosporins have less activity against gram-negative bacteria and are more susceptible to beta-lactamases.

Choice B is wrong because second-generation cephalosporins have less activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae than third-generation cephalosporins, and are also less resistant to beta-lactamases.

Choice D is wrong because fourth-generation cephalosporins have a broader spectrum of activity against gram-negative bacteria, including some that are resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, but they are not more effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

A. Age B. Competent immune function C. Genetic heritage D. Previous medication reactions.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

This is because antibiotics act synergistically with the immune system to subdue infection, and it is critical for success that the host defenses are adequate.

Choice A is wrong becauseAge is wrong because age is a general factor that must be considered when choosing any medication, not just antimicrobials.

Choice C is wrong becauseGenetic heritage is wrong because genetic heritage is also a general factor that may affect the metabolism and excretion of medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Choice D is wrong becausePrevious medication reactions is wrong because previous medication reactions are also a general factor that may indicate allergies or intolerances to certain medications, not the selection of antimicrobials.

Normal ranges for immune function vary depending on the type and level of immunity measured, such as innate, adaptive, humoral or cellular immunity.Some common tests for immune function include complete blood count (CBC), immunoglobulin levels, complement levels, antibody titers and skin tests.

Normal ranges for these tests depend on the laboratory and the method used, but some examples are:

• CBC: white blood cell count 4.5-11 x 10^9/L; neutrophils 40-75%; lymphocytes 20-50%; monocytes 2-10%; eosinophils 1-6%; basophils 0-2%.

• Immunoglobulin levels: IgG 7-16 g/L; IgA 0.7-4 g/L; IgM 0.4-2.3 g/L; IgE 0-0.4 g/L.

• Complement levels: C3 0.9-1.8 g

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A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis about the prescribed drug regimen, which includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. The nurse should instruct the client to report which signs or symptoms as possible adverse effects of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is preparing to administer ceftriaxone (Rocephin) to a client who has pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. The nurse should recognize that ceftriaxone belongs to which generation of cephalosporins?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse identifies which host factor as the most important when choosing an antimicrobial drug?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which of the following antiviral medications prevents viral fusion with host cell membrane?

A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving gentamicin IV for treatment of endocarditis caused by gram-negative bacteria. Which laboratory value should be monitored closely during gentamicin therapy?

A nurse is administering penicillin to a client who has streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effect of penicillin therapy?

A nurse is administering tetracycline, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, to a patient who has acne vulgaris. The nurse should monitor the patient for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? (Select all that apply.)

Which statement is true regarding antimicrobial stewardship?

Which statement is true regarding narrow spectrum antibiotics?

Which term is used to describe an agent that inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill bacteria?

A nurse is teaching a client who has tuberculosis about the prescribed drug regimen, which includes isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol.
The nurse should instruct the client to report which signs or symptoms as possible adverse effects of these drugs? (Select all that apply.)