Prior to administering pain medication to an adult postoperative client, what information should the practical nurse (PN) obtain? (Select all that apply.)

Choice A rationale:

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not typically associated with hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is characterized by low levels of sodium in the blood, which can lead to symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, and muscle cramps. Hypertension is more commonly associated with conditions like hypertension itself or conditions that cause fluid retention.

Choice B rationale:

Constipation is not a typical finding in hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is more likely to cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Constipation is not a direct consequence of low sodium levels in the blood.

Choice C rationale:

Muscle cramps are a common manifestation of hyponatremia. Low sodium levels can lead to an imbalance in electrolytes, affecting muscle function and leading to muscle cramps and weakness. Monitoring for muscle cramps is important in clients with hyponatremia.

Choice D rationale:

Blurred vision is not a classic symptom of hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is more likely to cause neurological symptoms such as confusion, headache, and in severe cases, seizures. Blurred vision is typically associated with other eye or visual disorders and not directly related to low sodium levels in the blood.

Choice A rationale:

It is essential for the nurse to employ non-pharmacological interventions to manage behavioral issues in clients with Alzheimer's disease. Offering to play music is a suitable approach to distract and soothe the agitated client. Music can have a calming effect and may help reduce anxiety and agitation in clients with dementia. It is a safe and non-invasive intervention that respects the client's autonomy and preferences.

Choice B rationale:

Turning the water on and asking the client to test the temperature (choice B) may not be an appropriate initial response. This action may increase the client's agitation as it involves immediate physical contact and may not address the underlying issue of the client's distress.

Choice C rationale:

Firmly telling the client that good hygiene is important (choice C) is not a recommended approach. Using a firm tone or being authoritative can escalate the client's agitation and may not effectively address the behavioral issue. It's important to use a calm and respectful approach when caring for clients with Alzheimer's disease.

Choice D rationale:

Obtaining assistance to place mitten restraints on the client (choice D) should not be the first choice. Restraints should only be used as a last resort when other methods have failed, and they should be used in accordance with institutional policies and guidelines. Restraints can have adverse physical and psychological effects and should be avoided whenever possible.