Prior to administering pain medication to an adult postoperative client, what information should the practical nurse (PN) obtain? (Select all that apply.)

Wheezes: This finding may indicate a latex allergy, as wheezing is a sign of respiratory distress caused by an allergic reaction to latex proteins. Wheezes are not typical of malignant hyperthermia or hypovolemic shock.

Muscle rigidity: This finding is a hallmark of malignant hyperthermia, as it reflects the excessive calcium release and muscle contraction triggered by certain anesthetic agents. Muscle rigidity is not a feature of latex allergy or hypovolemic shock.

Urticaria: This finding is a common manifestation of latex allergy, as urticaria (hives) is a type of skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to latex proteins. Urticaria is not associated with malignant hyperthermia or hypovolemic shock.

Hypercapnia: This finding is indicative of malignant hyperthermia, as hypercapnia (high carbon dioxide levels in the blood) is a result of increased metabolism and oxygen consumption due to muscle rigidity and fever. Hypercapnia is not usually seen in latex allergy or hypovolemic shock, unless there is severe respiratory compromise.

Tachycardia: This finding can be present in all three disease processes, as tachycardia (fast heart rate) is a nonspecific response to stress, fever, pain, hypoxia, or hypovolemia. However, tachycardia is more pronounced and persistent in malignant hyperthermia and hypovolemic shock than in latex allergy.

Choice A rationale:

Limiting the use of familiar objects is not recommended for clients with Alzheimer's disease. Familiar objects can provide comfort and security to these clients and help them maintain a sense of familiarity in their environment.

Choice B rationale:

Making a schedule of daily tasks is a helpful intervention for clients with Alzheimer's disease. Routine and structure can reduce frustration and anxiety in clients with cognitive impairment by providing predictability and a sense of purpose.

Choice C rationale:

Having several family members visit daily may be overwhelming for the client with Alzheimer's disease, leading to increased confusion and agitation. It is essential to balance social interaction with the client's comfort level and needs.

Choice D rationale:

Asking questions that require more than one answer can be confusing for clients with Alzheimer's disease. s should be simple and straightforward to enhance understanding and communication.