A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is about to undergo electroconvulsive therapy. The nurse should explain to the client which of the following adverse reactions can occur following the procedure.

A. In adults insert catheter approximately 16 cm (6.5 inches); in older children, 8– 12 cm (3–5 inches); in infants and young children, 4–7.5 cm (1.5–3 inches). Rule of thumb is to insert catheter distance from tip of nose (or mouth) to angle of mandible.
B. Suction should not be applied while inserting the catheter, as it could cause trauma to the mucosa and increase discomfort. Suction should only be applied while withdrawing the catheter, and it should be done intermittently to avoid injury and reduce the risk of hypoxia.
C. Suctioning should not exceed 10-15 seconds at a time to prevent hypoxia and other complications. Prolonged suctioning can lead to oxygen depletion and potential respiratory distress in the client.
D. Waiting at least 1 minute between suctioning attempts allows the client to recover and helps maintain adequate oxygenation. This pause is essential to prevent hypoxia and to ensure the client has time to breathe normally before the next suctioning attempt.

The correct answer is Choice A, Hot cocoa.

Choice A rationale:

Hot cocoa contains the least amount of caffeine among the options provided.A standard 240 mL (8 oz) cup of hot cocoa contains approximately 5 mg of caffeine. This is significantly less than the other beverages listed. Hot cocoa is made by adding cocoa powder and sugar or chocolate syrup to hot milk.The drink contains very little cacao, so the caffeine content is very low. Therefore, if a client is looking to reduce their dietary caffeine intake, hot cocoa would be a suitable choice.

Choice B rationale:

A cola soft drink contains more caffeine than hot cocoa.A standard 240 mL (8 oz) serving of a cola soft drink contains approximately 24-31 mg of caffeine. Cola is a popular flavor of soda around the world.Although the kola nut, from which the flavor of cola soda comes from, does naturally contain caffeine, the majority of the caffeine in cola is added by the manufacturer. Therefore, a cola soft drink would not be the best choice for a client looking to reduce their caffeine intake.

Choice C rationale:

Instant coffee contains even more caffeine.A standard 240 mL (8 oz) cup of instant coffee contains approximately 57-96 mg of caffeine.With instant coffee, caffeine measurements are based on the amount of the instant coffee powder used to make the drink. The caffeine content of coffee itself varies enormously.According to the USDA, 1 rounded teaspoon of instant coffee (1.8 grams in weight) contains 57 mg of caffeine.No matter how much water, milk, or creamer you add to the coffee - the amount of caffeine will remain the same. Therefore, instant coffee would not be a suitable choice for a client looking to reduce their caffeine intake.

Choice D rationale:

Brewed green tea also contains more caffeine than hot cocoa.An 8-ounce (240 mL) cup of green tea generally supplies around 20 to 45 milligrams of caffeine.This makes green tea a gentler alternative in terms of caffeine content, suitable for those who prefer a milder pick-me-up. However, it still contains more caffeine than hot cocoa. Therefore, while green tea is a healthier choice compared to cola soft drinks and instant coffee, it still contains more caffeine than hot cocoa.