Melva is scheduled for an elective surgery. The surgeon comes to the preoperative area to review the surgical procedure with her. Alternatives are discussed, along with the benefits and risks associated with the surgery. Melva says she understands everything. This is:

Choice A reason: Petechiae are small red or purple spots caused by bleeding into the skin, typically not directly associated with anemia.

Choice B reason: Glossitis, which is inflammation of the tongue, can be associated with certain types of anemia but is not specifically related to the low hemoglobin level itself.

Choice C reason: Exertional dyspnea, or difficulty breathing upon exertion, is a common symptom of severe anemia due to the reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Choice D reason: Palpitations, or feeling that the heart is racing or fluttering, can occur in severe anemia as the heart attempts to compensate for the lack of oxygen in the blood.

Choice A reason: Agoraphobia is a type of phobia characterized by a fear of being in situations where escape might be difficult or that help wouldn't be available if things go wrong.

Choice B reason: Aquaphobia is a specific fear of water and is not one of the main types of phobias identified by DSM-5.

Choice C reason: Acrophobia is a fear of heights, which is a specific phobia, but not one of the three main types identified by DSM-5.

Choice D reason: Specific Phobia is a type of anxiety disorder defined by a persistent and excessive fear of an object or situation.

Choice E reason: Social Phobia, also known as Social Anxiety Disorder, is characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.