How are primary immunodeficiency disorders different from secondary immunodeficiency disorders?
Primary immunodeficiency disorders are acquired later in life, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders are present from birth.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders result from a genetic or inherited defect, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders are caused by external factors, such as infections or medications.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders primarily affect the skin and mucous membranes, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders primarily affect the respiratory system.
Primary immunodeficiency disorders are more common than secondary immunodeficiency disorders.
The Correct Answer is B
Explanation: The correct answer is b. Primary immunodeficiency disorders result from a genetic or inherited defect, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders are caused by external factors, such as infections or medications.
Incorrect choices:
a. Primary immunodeficiency disorders are present from birth and are usually genetic or inherited, while secondary immunodeficiency disorders can be acquired later in life due to external factors.
c. The manifestations and systems affected by primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders can vary widely and are not limited to specific areas of the body.
d. Secondary immunodeficiency disorders are more common than primary immunodeficiency disorders, as they can be caused by various factors and are often associated with other medical conditions.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is c. Implement strict infection control measures. Clients with immunodeficiency disorders have a weakened immune system and are more susceptible to infections. Implementing strict infection control measures, such as hand hygiene, using personal protective equipment, and limiting exposure to potential sources of infection, can help prevent the spread of pathogens and protect the client from infections.
Incorrect choices:
a. Encouraging the client to participate in crowded social gatherings can put the client at risk of exposure to infectious agents, which is not appropriate for someone with immunodeficiency.
b. Live vaccines contain weakened pathogens and are contraindicated for clients with immunodeficiency disorders, as they can cause serious infections in this population.
d. While a diet high in fresh fruits and vegetables is generally beneficial for overall health, it does not specifically address the increased risk of infections in clients with immunodeficiency disorders. Strict infection control measures are more relevant to preventing infections in these clients.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Explanation: The correct answer is d. Absence or significantly reduced T cell levels. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by a severe deficiency or absence of T cells, which are essential for cell-mediated immunity.
Incorrect choices:
a. Increased levels of circulating B cells are not characteristic of SCID. In SCID, both T and B cell immunity are affected, and the client may have reduced levels of both.
b. Elevated immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels may occur in certain types of immunodeficiency disorders, but it is not a specific finding for SCID.
c. Abnormal antibody response to vaccinations can be observed in various immunodeficiency disorders, but it does not specifically indicate SCID.
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