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Exhibits

The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record.

Select the 2 findings the nurse should identify as placing the client at risk for cardiovascular disease.

A.

Exercise

B.

Diet

C.

LDL level

D.

BMI

E.

HDL level

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D

Rationale for Correct Answers:

  • LDL level: An LDL level of 145 mg/dL exceeds the recommended limit (<130 mg/dL), increasing the client’s risk for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Elevated LDL contributes to plaque buildup in arterial walls, narrowing the vessels and raising the likelihood of myocardial infarction and stroke.
  • BMI: A BMI of 29.8 falls in the overweight range (25–29.9), nearing obesity. Excess body weight, particularly visceral fat, is associated with hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, all of which are significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Rationale for Incorrect Answers:

  • Exercise: The client walks 30 minutes 5 days a week, meeting the American Heart Association’s guidelines for physical activity. Regular aerobic exercise reduces blood pressure, improves lipid profiles, and strengthens cardiac function.
  • Diet: The client reports following a Mediterranean diet, which is associated with lower cardiovascular risk due to its emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats. Although wine consumption is noted, moderation aligns with Mediterranean patterns.
  • HDL level: The client’s HDL is 58 mg/dL, which is above the desired threshold (>55 mg/dL). Higher HDL levels offer cardioprotective effects by helping remove cholesterol from the bloodstream and reducing the risk of plaque buildup.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is {"A":{"answers":"A,B"},"B":{"answers":"A,B"},"C":{"answers":"A,B,C"},"D":{"answers":"C"},"E":{"answers":"A"},"F":{"answers":"B"}}

Explanation

  • Hypoxia: Hypoxia is a key feature of epiglottitis due to airway obstruction from supraglottic swelling. It also occurs in RSV, where inflammation and mucus obstruct small airways, reducing oxygen exchange. Both conditions can require supplemental oxygen and prompt respiratory support.
  • Tachypnea: Increased respiratory rate is a compensatory mechanism for hypoxia and respiratory distress. In epiglottitis, it results from airway narrowing, while in RSV, it's due to bronchiolar inflammation, mucosal edema, and increased airway resistance.
  • Fever: Fever is a nonspecific but consistent sign in all three conditions. In epiglottitis, it’s often high-grade and abrupt. In RSV, it tends to be low to moderate. In streptococcal pharyngitis, fever accompanies tonsillar inflammation and systemic infection.
  • Exudate on pharynx: Purulent or white exudate on swollen tonsils is a hallmark of streptococcal pharyngitis, reflecting bacterial colonization and immune response. This finding is not typically seen in viral causes like RSV or in epiglottitis.
  • Drooling: Drooling is classic for epiglottitis due to pain and difficulty swallowing. The inflamed, swollen epiglottis causes discomfort and obstruction, preventing normal handling of oral secretions. It's a red flag for impending airway compromise.
  • Wheezing upon auscultation: RSV causes bronchiolitis, which leads to wheezing due to lower airway obstruction by mucus and inflammation. Wheezing is not a feature of epiglottitis (which affects the upper airway) or streptococcal pharyngitis (which affects the oropharynx).

Correct Answer is A,C,E,B,D

Explanation

A. Assess the appearance of the wound first to determine its condition and document characteristics such as drainage, size, and tissue type before collecting the specimen.

B. Place the swab in the culture tube immediately after obtaining the specimen to prevent contamination and preserve the sample.
C. Cleanse the wound with 0.9% sodium chloride to remove surface contaminants, which helps ensure the culture reflects true pathogens within the wound bed.
D. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing to protect the area from external contamination and promote healing after the specimen has been collected.

E. Obtain the specimen from granulation tissue of the wound, avoiding pooled drainage or necrotic areas, to ensure the most accurate culture results.

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