Because of the skin changes in the older adult client, what interventions should the nurse ensure in their care? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

D. This refers to the inability to clear secretions or obstructions from the respiratory tract to maintain airway patency. Based on the client's complaint of difficulty moving mucus from the throat to the mouth for expectoration, ineffective airway clearance is the priority problem. The client's reluctance to cough and deep breathe due to pain further exacerbates this issue, as effective airway clearance is crucial for preventing complications such as respiratory infections or atelectasis post-operatively.

A. Activity intolerance refers to insufficient physiological or psychological energy to endure or complete required or desired daily activities. In the case of a one-day post-operative client experiencing difficulty clearing mucus, activity intolerance is not the priority problem. The client's main issue is related to respiratory function and airway clearance rather than overall activity tolerance.

B. This refers to abnormal respiratory rate, depth, or rhythm that does not provide adequate ventilation. While the client's complaint of difficulty moving mucus and reluctance to cough or deep breathe suggests some respiratory discomfort, the main issue appears to be the inability to effectively clear airway secretions rather than an overall ineffective breathing pattern.

C. This refers to the inability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide across the alveolar-capillary membranes. While mucus in the throat can potentially affect gas exchange if it obstructs airflow significantly, the client's primary complaint is about difficulty clearing mucus rather than signs and symptoms of inadequate oxygenation or ventilation.

D. Before administering a cleansing enema, the client is typically instructed to assume a left-side lying position with the right knee bent. This position helps to facilitate the flow of the enema solution into the colon and allows for better retention of the solution. It also helps to prevent leakage and discomfort during the procedure.

A. Drinking water before administering an enema can help hydrate the client and promote normal bowel function. However, it is not typically a specific instruction related to the administration of the enema itself. Hydration is generally beneficial for bowel health but is not directly related to the enema procedure.

B. After administering the enema solution, the client should be instructed to hold the solution in the bowel for a sufficient amount of time to allow it to soften and loosen stool. The exact duration can vary based on the type and purpose of the enema, but typically, the client is encouraged to retain the solution for a specified period (as instructed by the healthcare provider) before evacuating.

C. This instruction is unrelated to the administration of a cleansing enema. Breathing techniques may be taught for relaxation or to manage discomfort during procedures, but they do not specifically apply to the process of administering an enema.