An infection control nurse is teaching a class about transmission of infectious agents. The nurse should include that which of the following diseases is transmitted via airborne transmission?

A. An inguinal hernia typically does not directly contribute to an increased risk of falls. It is a condition where tissues, such as part of the intestine, protrude through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles. While it may require caution with certain movements or heavy lifting to prevent exacerbation, it is not typically associated with balance or mobility issues that would increase fall risk.
B. Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormone. Symptoms may include nervousness, tremors, rapid heart rate (palpitations), and muscle weakness. While muscle weakness could potentially contribute to an increased fall risk, it's not typically a primary factor unless the weakness is severe or affecting lower extremity strength significantly.
C. Hyperlipidemia refers to elevated levels of lipids (fats) in the blood, such as cholesterol and triglycerides. While it is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, it does not directly increase the risk of falls.
D. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological condition that can cause a wide range of symptoms, including muscle weakness, coordination problems, and balance issues. These neurological impairments significantly increase the risk of falls due to impaired mobility and balance control.

A. An N-95 respirator is designed to filter out airborne particles and is used primarily for protection against airborne diseases such as tuberculosis or certain respiratory infections like COVID-19. It is not necessary for contact precautions unless there is also a risk of airborne transmission.

B. Goggles protect the eyes from splashes, sprays, or droplets of infectious material. They are not typically required for routine contact precautions unless there is a risk of splashes or sprays to the eyes.
C. Gloves are essential for contact precautions. They protect the nurse's hands from direct contact with potentially infectious material on the client's bed linen or any contaminated surfaces. Gloves should be worn when handling soiled linen and removed and discarded appropriately after use.
D. A face shield provides full-face protection against splashes, sprays, or splatters of infectious material. It is particularly useful when there is a risk of exposure to bodily fluids or during procedures that may generate splashes. While not always required for routine contact precautions, it may be used depending on the specific situation, such as when cleaning surfaces heavily contaminated with body fluids.