An 8-month-old infant admitted with a new diagnosis of diabetes is to receive 1 unit of regular insulin. How will that 1 unit be administered?

Disulfiram is a medication used to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD). It works by inhibiting the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which is responsible for breaking down acetaldehyde, a toxic metabolite of alcohol. When alcohol is consumed while taking disulfiram, the accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body leads to unpleasant symptoms such as flushing, sweating, nausea, and vomiting. This creates an aversive reaction to alcohol consumption, which can help the client refrain from drinking.

The aversive effects of disulfiram can last for several hours to several days after alcohol consumption, depending on the dose of disulfiram and the amount of alcohol consumed. Therefore, it is important for clients taking disulfiram to avoid all sources of alcohol, including alcoholic beverages, mouthwash, and other products containing alcohol.

It is important to note that disulfiram is not a cure for AUD, and it works best when used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes counseling and support. Disulfiram should only be used under the close supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can have serious side effects if used improperly.

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness that requires lifelong treatment. Antipsychotic medications are the cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia, and they work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. These medications are effective in reducing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions, and can also improve negative symptoms like apathy and lack of motivation.

While chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, and haloperidol are all first-generation or "typical" antipsychotic medications, they are less commonly used today due to their side effect profile, which can include movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia. Olanzapine, on the other hand, is a second-generation or "atypical" antipsychotic medication that is commonly used today due to its efficacy in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as its more favorable side effect profile compared to first-generation antipsychotics.