A client is started on levothyroxine for the treatment of hypothyroidism. During client teaching, the nurse indicates that the dosage may be increased how often until symptoms are relieved?

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness that requires lifelong treatment. Antipsychotic medications are the cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia, and they work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. These medications are effective in reducing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions, and can also improve negative symptoms like apathy and lack of motivation.

While chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, and haloperidol are all first-generation or "typical" antipsychotic medications, they are less commonly used today due to their side effect profile, which can include movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia. Olanzapine, on the other hand, is a second-generation or "atypical" antipsychotic medication that is commonly used today due to its efficacy in treating both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, as well as its more favorable side effect profile compared to first-generation antipsychotics.

Atomoxetine is a non-stimulant medication that is used to treat attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Unlike central nervous system (CNS) stimulants such as dextroamphetamine, dexmethylphenidate, and dextroamphetamine/amphetamine, atomoxetine does not have a high risk of abuse or dependence.

CNS stimulants like dextroamphetamine, dexmethylphenidate, and dextroamphetamine/amphetamine can be effective in treating ADHD symptoms, but they can also be abused and lead to dependence. These medications work by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can improve focus and attention. However, they also have the potential to be misused, particularly by individuals seeking a "high" or increased alertness.

In contrast, atomoxetine works by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine in the brain. This mechanism of action does not produce the same effects on dopamine levels as CNS stimulants, and it is not associated with a high risk of abuse or dependence. However, it may take several weeks for the full therapeutic effects of atomoxetine to be seen, and it may not be as effective as CNS stimulants for some individuals with ADHD.