A patient is diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Which clinical manifestations are expected?

Tetany of the hands with a positive Chvostek sign

Polyuria, sweating and dry mucous membranes

Forgetfulness, depression and anemia

Nervousness, irritability, and diarrhea

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Tetany of the hands with a positive Chvostek sign: Tetany and a positive Chvostek sign are more associated with hypocalcemia rather than Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

B. Polyuria, sweating, and dry mucous membranes: These symptoms are more indicative of hyperthyroidism or diabetes rather than hypothyroidism, which is characteristic of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

C. Forgetfulness, depression, and anemia: Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which causes hypothyroidism, can lead to symptoms like forgetfulness, depression, and anemia due to reduced thyroid hormone levels.

D. Nervousness, irritability, and diarrhea: These symptoms are associated with hyperthyroidism rather than hypothyroidism.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Obesity, age over 40, and female gender: While obesity and age can be risk factors for GERD, gender alone is not a significant factor. Excessive alcohol consumption, as indicated in option D, is a stronger link to GERD.

B. Accelerated gastric emptying: This is incorrect. GERD is more commonly associated with delayed gastric emptying or increased acid production rather than accelerated gastric emptying.

C. Incompetent rectal sphincter: This is incorrect. GERD is associated with an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, not the rectal sphincter.

D. Drinking 12 cans of beer per day: Excessive alcohol consumption can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of GERD by allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

A. Hemiparesis of the left arm and leg with nystagmus. B. Eyelid and mouth drooping on the ipsilateral side. C. Homonymous hemianopia of the left visual field of both eyes. D. Hemiparesis of the right arm and leg with aphasia

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hemiparesis of the left arm and leg with nystagmus: A left hemispheric stroke typically affects the right side of the body.

B. Eyelid and mouth drooping on the ipsilateral side: Facial drooping due to a stroke typically occurs on the contralateral side of the body.

C. Homonymous hemianopia of the left visual field of both eyes: A left hemispheric stroke typically causes right-sided homonymous hemianopia.

D. Hemiparesis of the right arm and leg with aphasia: A left hemispheric stroke often results in right-sided hemiparesis and can affect language centers, leading to aphasia.

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A patient is diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Which clinical manifestations are expected?

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