A patient is admitted to the ED (emergency department) with an intracranial problem. Upon arrival the RN (registered nurse) immediately ensures that the head of the bed is elevated at 35 degrees. Identify the pathophysiological rational for this intervention?

Elevating the head of the bed promotes venous return and helps increase the ICP.

Elevation of the head of the bed aids in maintaining cerebral perfusion.

Elevation of the head of the bed will increase intracranial pressure (ICP).

The nurse should keep the head of the bed flat to ensure adequate arterial circulation.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Elevating the head of the bed promotes venous return and helps increase the ICP: This is incorrect. Elevation of the head of the bed helps to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) by promoting venous drainage rather than increasing it.

B. Elevation of the head of the bed aids in maintaining cerebral perfusion: Elevating the head of the bed helps to decrease ICP, which in turn aids in maintaining adequate cerebral perfusion pressure.

C. Elevation of the head of the bed will increase intracranial pressure (ICP): This is incorrect. Elevation of the head of the bed is intended to reduce ICP, not increase it.

D. The nurse should keep the head of the bed flat to ensure adequate arterial circulation: This is incorrect. Keeping the head of the bed flat can increase ICP, which is counterproductive in managing intracranial pressure.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hemiparesis of the left arm and leg with nystagmus: A left hemispheric stroke typically affects the right side of the body.

B. Eyelid and mouth drooping on the ipsilateral side: Facial drooping due to a stroke typically occurs on the contralateral side of the body.

C. Homonymous hemianopia of the left visual field of both eyes: A left hemispheric stroke typically causes right-sided homonymous hemianopia.

D. Hemiparesis of the right arm and leg with aphasia: A left hemispheric stroke often results in right-sided hemiparesis and can affect language centers, leading to aphasia.

A. status epilepticus. B. anticonvulsant syndrome. C. syphilitic posturing. D. positive Babinski reflex

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Status epilepticus: Status epilepticus is a life-threatening condition where seizure activity is continuous or occurs in rapid succession without recovery between seizures.

B. Anticonvulsant syndrome: This term is not a recognized medical condition.

C. Syphilitic posturing: This term is not associated with seizure disorders and is not a recognized condition.

D. Positive Babinski reflex: This indicates an upper motor neuron lesion but is not related to continuous seizure activity.

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A patient is admitted to the ED (emergency department) with an intracranial problem. Upon arrival the RN (registered nurse) immediately ensures that the head of the bed is elevated at 35 degrees. Identify the pathophysiological rational for this intervention?

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