Which factor is linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Obesity, age over 40 and female gender.
Accelerated gastric emptying
Incompetent rectal sphincter
Drinking 12 cans of beer per day.
The Correct Answer is D
A. Obesity, age over 40, and female gender: While obesity and age can be risk factors for GERD, gender alone is not a significant factor. Excessive alcohol consumption, as indicated in option D, is a stronger link to GERD.
B. Accelerated gastric emptying: This is incorrect. GERD is more commonly associated with delayed gastric emptying or increased acid production rather than accelerated gastric emptying.
C. Incompetent rectal sphincter: This is incorrect. GERD is associated with an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, not the rectal sphincter.
D. Drinking 12 cans of beer per day: Excessive alcohol consumption can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of GERD by allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Decrease osteoclastic activity: Osteoporosis treatments often focus on reducing osteoclastic activity, which is responsible for bone resorption, thereby helping to maintain or increase bone density.
B. Increase the kidneys' tubular secretion of calcium into the urine: This would decrease calcium levels in the body, which is not desired in osteoporosis treatment, as it would worsen bone density.
C. Increase resorption of calcium: Increasing bone resorption would exacerbate osteoporosis by weakening the bones further.
D. Suppress calcitonin: Calcitonin helps to inhibit bone resorption, so suppressing it would be counterproductive in treating osteoporosis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The brain cells became edematous because of a blood to tissue shift of fluid: This describes cerebral edema, which is not typically caused by hyperglycemia.
B. Hyperinsulinemia caused hypoglycemia and a tonic-clonic seizure: The scenario describes hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.
C. The brain cells became dehydrated because of fluid shifting out of the cells:. In hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), extremely high blood glucose leads to increased serum osmolality, causing water to move out of brain cells, leading to dehydration and altered consciousness.
D. Fluid volume overload caused higher pressure in the brain tissue: Fluid volume overload is not the primary issue in this scenario; rather, dehydration is the concern due to hyperglycemia.
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