A patient has been told that the recent changes in her facial features are due to a hormonal pathology called myxedema. Her nurse's explanation will be based on the understanding that myxedema is a

puffy appearance associated with hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

tissue puffiness associated with hypothyroidism

proliferation of tissue behind the eyes that is common in hyperthyroidism,

state of increased cerebral edema the morning after a college party.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Puffy appearance associated with hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH): This describes the appearance associated with SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion), not myxedema.

B. Tissue puffiness associated with hypothyroidism: Myxedema is a condition related to severe hypothyroidism, characterized by swelling of the skin and underlying tissues, giving a puffy appearance, especially in the face.

C. Proliferation of tissue behind the eyes that is common in hyperthyroidism: This describes exophthalmos, a condition often seen in Graves' disease, which is associated with hyperthyroidism, not myxedema.

D. State of increased cerebral edema the morning after a college party: This choice is incorrect and unrelated to the description of myxedema.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Hyperproteinemia and increased drug effect: In cirrhosis, hypoproteinemia (low protein levels) occurs due to decreased protein synthesis by the liver, and drug metabolism is often impaired, leading to increased drug effects, but hyperproteinemia is not a typical finding.

B. Hyperkalemia and fluid retention: While fluid retention is common due to hypoalbuminemia and portal hypertension, hyperkalemia is not a direct consequence of hepatocyte dysfunction.

C. Hypercortisolism and increased infection risk: Hypercortisolism is not typically associated with cirrhosis. However, increased infection risk is common due to compromised immune function.

D. An elevated blood glucose and ammonia level: In cirrhosis, the liver's ability to metabolize ammonia is impaired, leading to elevated levels. Additionally, impaired glucose metabolism can result in hyperglycemia.

A. The brain cells became edematous because of a blood to tissue shift of fluid. B. Hyperinsulinemia caused hypoglycemia and a tonic clonic seizure. C. The brain cells became dehydrated because of fluid shirting out of the cells. D. Fluid volume overload caused higher pressure in the brain tissue

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. The brain cells became edematous because of a blood to tissue shift of fluid: This describes cerebral edema, which is not typically caused by hyperglycemia.

B. Hyperinsulinemia caused hypoglycemia and a tonic-clonic seizure: The scenario describes hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia.

C. The brain cells became dehydrated because of fluid shifting out of the cells:. In hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), extremely high blood glucose leads to increased serum osmolality, causing water to move out of brain cells, leading to dehydration and altered consciousness.

D. Fluid volume overload caused higher pressure in the brain tissue: Fluid volume overload is not the primary issue in this scenario; rather, dehydration is the concern due to hyperglycemia.

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A patient has been told that the recent changes in her facial features are due to a hormonal pathology called myxedema. Her nurse's explanation will be based on the understanding that myxedema is a

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A. High unconjugated, low direct: In liver disease, both conjugated (direct) and unconjugated bilirubin levels are typically elevated.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) developed a serum glucose of 900 and an elevated serum osmolality. The patient then became unconscious. What pathological process most likely caused the altered neurologic status?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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