A nurse working in the emergency department (ED) is admitting a client.
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a risk factor for pneumonia? Select all that apply.
COPD
Hypertension
Dermatitis
Smoking history
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer : A,D,E
A. COPD: Clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for pneumonia due to compromised lung function, chronic inflammation, and decreased mucociliary clearance, making it easier for pathogens to infect the lungs.
B. Hypertension: While hypertension is a significant cardiovascular risk factor, it does not directly increase the risk of pneumonia. Therefore, it is not a relevant factor in this case.
C. Dermatitis: Dermatitis is a skin condition and does not affect lung function or immunity in a way that would increase the risk of pneumonia.
D. Smoking history: Smoking damages the respiratory epithelium and impairs the immune defenses of the lungs, making smokers more susceptible to respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
E. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Diabetes compromises immune function and increases the risk of infections, including pneumonia, due to hyperglycemia impairing neutrophil function and other immune responses.
F. Hypothyroidism: While hypothyroidism may cause some general symptoms such as fatigue, it does not directly compromise respiratory function or immunity in a way that increases the risk of pneumonia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Physical activity should be scheduled earlier in the day to prevent overstimulation and promote restful sleep.
B. Hardwood floors increase the risk of falls; carpets provide better traction and cushioning.
C. Zippers can be difficult for clients with Alzheimer's; clothing with Velcro or simple fasteners is preferred.
D. Placing locks at the tops of doors reduces the risk of wandering, a common safety concern in clients with Alzheimer's.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Encouraging the client to use nearby furniture is unsafe for a client on complete bed rest.
B. Physical therapy is not typically called to assist with bathroom use for an end-of-life client.
C. This response acknowledges the client’s emotional state and opens communication to address their concerns empathetically.
D. Telling the client they "have to" use a bed pan without further discussion may come across as dismissive or insensitive.
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