A nurse working in the emergency department (ED) is admitting a client.
The nurse is reviewing the client's medical record. Which of the following conditions should the nurse identify as a risk factor for pneumonia? Select all that apply.
COPD
Hypertension
Dermatitis
Smoking history
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Hypothyroidism
Correct Answer : A,D,E
A. COPD: Clients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk for pneumonia due to compromised lung function, chronic inflammation, and decreased mucociliary clearance, making it easier for pathogens to infect the lungs.
B. Hypertension: While hypertension is a significant cardiovascular risk factor, it does not directly increase the risk of pneumonia. Therefore, it is not a relevant factor in this case.
C. Dermatitis: Dermatitis is a skin condition and does not affect lung function or immunity in a way that would increase the risk of pneumonia.
D. Smoking history: Smoking damages the respiratory epithelium and impairs the immune defenses of the lungs, making smokers more susceptible to respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
E. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Diabetes compromises immune function and increases the risk of infections, including pneumonia, due to hyperglycemia impairing neutrophil function and other immune responses.
F. Hypothyroidism: While hypothyroidism may cause some general symptoms such as fatigue, it does not directly compromise respiratory function or immunity in a way that increases the risk of pneumonia.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is []
Explanation
Potential condition: Systemic lupus erythematosus
Based on the provided information, the client is most likely experiencing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). This is suggested by the presence of a macular rash on the cheeks, joint discomfort, fever, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
Actions to Take
- Anticipate administering prescribed immunosuppressant medication: This helps manage the autoimmune response and reduce inflammation.
- Encourage client to avoid direct sunlight: Sun exposure can exacerbate lupus symptoms and trigger flares.
Parameters to Monitor
- Vital signs every 4 hr: Monitoring vital signs helps track the client's overall condition and detect any changes that may indicate complications.
- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: Monitoring ESR helps assess the level of inflammation and the effectiveness of treatment.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Apply a transparent dressing to the wound: Incorrect. Transparent dressings are not appropriate for controlling active bleeding.
B. Tie a tourniquet around the leg distal to the wound: Incorrect. A tourniquet should only be used as a last resort if direct pressure fails to control the bleeding.
C. Apply direct pressure to the wound with thick dressing material: Direct pressure is the first-line intervention to control bleeding and promote hemostasis.
D. Irrigate the wound with sterile water: Incorrect. Irrigation is not the priority in an actively bleeding wound; controlling the bleeding is more critical.
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