A nurse who cares for patients in the emergency department is distressed, fatigued, and frustrated by the demands of the job. Which are appropriate methods for the nurse to renew energy and find meaning in nursing practice? (Select all that apply.)

A. Offering approval or disapproval
Offering approval or disapproval can create a judgmental atmosphere and hinder open communication. Therapeutic communication focuses on understanding and supporting the patient without expressing judgment.

B. Asking for explanations
Asking for explanations can sometimes come across as interrogative or demanding. While it is important to understand patient concerns, therapeutic communication should be focused on exploring feelings and experiences rather than demanding explanations.

C. Asking open-ended questions
Open-ended questions encourage patients to share more about their thoughts and feelings, facilitating deeper and more meaningful conversations. This technique helps patients express themselves more freely and promotes effective therapeutic communication.

D. Offering sympathy
Offering sympathy, rather than empathy, can distance the nurse from the patient and may not address the patient’s needs as effectively. Therapeutic communication should focus on empathy, where the nurse understands and acknowledges the patient's feelings without feeling sorry for them.

A. Address the patient by his last name.
Addressing the patient by their last name can be formal but may not reflect the patient’s personal preference. It is generally respectful but does not consider individual preferences.

B. Use both first and last name with each encounter.
Using both names with each encounter can be overly formal and might not be necessary unless specified by the healthcare setting or the patient’s preference.

C. Call the patient by his first name.
Using the patient’s first name can be perceived as too informal or presumptive, depending on the patient’s preferences and cultural norms.

D. Ask the patient how he prefers to be addressed.
This is the most appropriate approach as it shows respect for the patient’s preferences and allows for a personalized and respectful interaction. It acknowledges that patients may have specific preferences for how they are addressed.