A nurse suspects that her patient has developed a pulmonary embolus (PE). Which assessment finding would lead to this nursing judgment?

Varicose veins.

Thick green sputum.

Hypertension.

Sudden dyspnea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. While varicose veins can be a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which in turn can lead to a PE, they are not an acute symptom of a PE.

B. Thick green sputum is more indicative of a respiratory infection, such as pneumonia, rather than a pulmonary embolus.

C. Hypertension can be seen in various conditions but is not a primary indicator of PE.

D. Sudden dyspnea (difficulty breathing) is a classic sign of a pulmonary embolus, as the clot obstructs blood flow to the lungs, leading to respiratory distress.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While ACE inhibitors can be beneficial for heart failure management, they do not specifically eliminate murmurs and are not primarily used as inotropes in cor pulmonale management.
B. Cor pulmonale, characterized by right heart failure due to lung disease, often leads to fluid overload. A diuretic helps to decrease preload by promoting diuresis, thus reducing the workload on the heart and alleviating symptoms of congestion.
C. Troponin levels are used to assess myocardial injury rather than to distinguish between right and left ventricular failure; this is not a primary concern in cor pulmonale management.
D. Cor pulmonale is typically associated with volume overload rather than dehydration; therefore, using a diuretic to counteract dehydration is incorrect. The focus should be on reducing excess fluid to manage heart failure symptoms.

A. Cigarette smoking is the main cause of COPD but has a much less severe negative impact on the circulatory system. B. A patient with kyphosis and a measured VQ ratio of 0.6 has a decreased ability of inhaling air into their alveoli. C. Clinical manifestations seen in a patient with respiratory acidosis are tachypnea and tingling of the fingers. D. The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart. E. The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, but it also significantly impacts the circulatory system, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.

B. Kyphosis can alter lung expansion, potentially decreasing the V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio to 0.6 by restricting air intake to the alveoli. This reduced ventilation impacts the V/Q balance, confirming decreased inhalation ability.

C. Respiratory acidosis typically causes bradypnea (slow breathing) due to CO₂ retention, rather than tachypnea. Tingling of the fingers is more associated with respiratory alkalosis.

D. For venous insufficiency, elevating the legs (higher than the heart) promotes venous return, not lowering the feet.

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A nurse suspects that her patient has developed a pulmonary embolus (PE). Which assessment finding would lead to this nursing judgment?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which one statement is true? VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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