A patient states that he is "not peeing nearly as much as usual, even though I am drinking my usual amount of fluids." He voids a small amount of urine to submit for a urinalysis (UA). The specific gravity on the UA is 1.000. The patient’s normal range for urine specific gravity is 1.002 to 1.028.

is dehydrated; the body is compensating by "hanging onto water."

has an acute kidney injury; the specific gravity indicates very concentrated urine.

is developing renal tissue impairment; the kidney is not able to concentrate urine.

has testicular cancer; the specific gravity indicates an undescended testis.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. A specific gravity of 1.000 indicates very dilute urine, not concentrated. This would not be typical of dehydration, where urine would be concentrated with a high specific gravity.

B. Acute kidney injury (AKI) typically results in more concentrated urine due to retained waste products; therefore, specific gravity would likely be higher, not at the minimum level of 1.000.

C. A specific gravity of 1.000 indicates the kidney’s inability to concentrate urine, often seen in renal impairment where kidney function is compromised, leading to very dilute urine.

D. Specific gravity is unrelated to testicular cancer or an undescended testis, as it measures kidney concentration ability rather than reproductive health.

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Stable angina is characterized by chest pain or discomfort that occurs with physical exertion or stress and is relieved with rest or nitroglycerin.

B. Pulmonary embolus typically causes sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, and possible hemoptysis, but not a pattern that resolves with rest or cessation of activity.

C. Myocardial infarction (MI) typically causes prolonged chest pain that does not resolve quickly and is not relieved by rest.

D. Unstable angina is more severe than stable angina, occurring at rest or with minimal activity, and does not resolve quickly. It also increases in frequency and intensity over time.

A. Large amounts of intravenous (IV) fluids to manage their fluid volume deficit. B. Potassium supplements to increase the serum potassium level. C. Postmortem care since death is near. D. Dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Large amounts of IV fluids are generally not used in ESRD because the kidneys cannot effectively remove excess fluids, potentially worsening fluid overload.

B. Potassium supplements are avoided, as ESRD patients often have elevated potassium levels due to reduced excretion, which can lead to dangerous cardiac complications.

C. While ESRD is serious, postmortem care is premature; many patients manage ESRD with appropriate treatment.

D. Dialysis or kidney transplantation is the standard treatment for ESRD to take over the functions that the kidneys can no longer perform, such as waste removal and fluid balance.

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While speaking to his neighbor about his recent health problems, a man describes his pain as "tightness across his chest which worsens with strenuous activity but completely goes away when the activity is stopped." He most likely received a diagnosis of

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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