Which one statement is true?
VQ ratio: norm = 0.8
Cigarette smoking is the main cause of COPD but has a much less severe negative impact on the circulatory system.
A patient with kyphosis and a measured VQ ratio of 0.6 has a decreased ability of inhaling air into their alveoli.
Clinical manifestations seen in a patient with respiratory acidosis are tachypnea and tingling of the fingers.
The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart.
The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, but it also significantly impacts the circulatory system, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
B. Kyphosis can alter lung expansion, potentially decreasing the V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio to 0.6 by restricting air intake to the alveoli. This reduced ventilation impacts the V/Q balance, confirming decreased inhalation ability.
C. Respiratory acidosis typically causes bradypnea (slow breathing) due to CO₂ retention, rather than tachypnea. Tingling of the fingers is more associated with respiratory alkalosis.
D. For venous insufficiency, elevating the legs (higher than the heart) promotes venous return, not lowering the feet.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. ACE inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor in the RAAS, which leads to decreased blood pressure by promoting vasodilation.
B. The RAAS is primarily a vasoconstrictive system, and ACE inhibitors reduce this vasoconstriction, not vasodilation.
C. ACE inhibitors do not directly affect the inotropic (force of contraction) effects of the SNS; they work on the RAAS.
D. While natriuretic peptides help regulate fluid balance, ACE inhibitors do not directly impact this system.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Long-term hypertension can lead to renal damage, resulting in glomerular injury and subsequent hematuria and proteinuria. ACE inhibitors help to protect renal function by reducing pressure in the glomeruli.
B. Venous insufficiency is generally not a direct complication of hypertension; it is more associated with conditions affecting venous return.
C. Increased elastase activity is related to the breakdown of elastin and is not a direct consequence of hypertension or the primary focus of ACE inhibitor therapy.
D. Decreased high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is not a direct complication of hypertension and does not specifically relate to the effects of ACE inhibitors.
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