Which one statement is true?
VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

Cigarette smoking is the main cause of COPD but has a much less severe negative impact on the circulatory system.

A patient with kyphosis and a measured VQ ratio of 0.6 has a decreased ability of inhaling air into their alveoli.

Clinical manifestations seen in a patient with respiratory acidosis are tachypnea and tingling of the fingers.

The nurse taking care of a patient with venous insufficiency understands the mechanisms of this disease when she makes sure the feet are lower than the heart.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, but it also significantly impacts the circulatory system, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.

B. Kyphosis can alter lung expansion, potentially decreasing the V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio to 0.6 by restricting air intake to the alveoli. This reduced ventilation impacts the V/Q balance, confirming decreased inhalation ability.

C. Respiratory acidosis typically causes bradypnea (slow breathing) due to CO₂ retention, rather than tachypnea. Tingling of the fingers is more associated with respiratory alkalosis.

D. For venous insufficiency, elevating the legs (higher than the heart) promotes venous return, not lowering the feet.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While an increased respiratory rate may occur, it does not directly lead to hyperinflation of the uninjured lung due to tension pneumothorax.

B. In a tension pneumothorax, air enters the pleural space and does not exhale effectively; it is not about exhalation.

C. Trapped air in the pleural cavity increases pressure, collapsing the lung and pushing mediastinal structures (like the heart) to the opposite side, thereby reducing venous return and cardiac output.

D. Retained CO2 is not a direct cause of tension pneumothorax; the main issue is the pressure from trapped air affecting lung function and hemodynamics.

A. The kidneys will excrete more HCO3 into the urine. B. The respiratory system will increase RR. C. The kidneys will create more HCO3. D. The respiratory system will decrease respiratory rate (RR).

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While the kidneys do excrete HCO3 to help in metabolic compensation, this process is slower than respiratory compensation.

B. An increase in respiratory rate would further decrease CO2, worsening the alkalosis rather than compensating for it.

C. Creating more HCO3 would not compensate for respiratory alkalosis and would actually increase the pH further.

D. The body will decrease the respiratory rate to retain more CO2, helping to lower the pH and partially correct the alkalosis.

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Which one statement is true? VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with left-sided chest trauma. Which statement best identifies why the formation of a tension pneumothorax can result in a life-threatening condition for this patient?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Which one statement is true?
VQ ratio: norm = 0.8