A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombus in the popliteal vein. When asked what causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse would include which factors in a response?

Increased hydrostatic pressure causing twisted and distorted surface veins

Venous congestion and edema

Venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the blood vessel wall

Plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and infarction

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Increased hydrostatic pressure and twisted surface veins are characteristic of varicose veins, not DVT.

B. Venous congestion and edema may be symptoms of DVT but are not primary causes.

C. DVT commonly results from Virchow's triad: venous stasis, hypercoagulability, and injury to the vessel wall, which create an environment for clot formation in deep veins.

D. Plaque rupture, thrombus formation, and infarction are more relevant to arterial conditions, like atherosclerosis, rather than DVT.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Medications in unstable angina aim to prevent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, not increase platelet adhesion.

B. Increasing preload would increase cardiac workload, which is counterproductive in managing unstable angina, as the goal is to reduce workload on the heart.

C. Constricting coronary arteries would worsen ischemia and exacerbate unstable angina, not help it.

D. Decreasing afterload (the resistance the heart must pump against) reduces the workload on the heart, helping to improve cardiac output and alleviate ischemia in unstable angina.

A. The uninjured lung will hyperinflate because of an increased respiratory rate. B. Affected lung collapses as more air is exhaled through the traumatic injury. C. Trapped air causes collapse of the lung and can reduce the cardiac output. D. More CO2 is retained because weakened alveoli blebs rupture.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While an increased respiratory rate may occur, it does not directly lead to hyperinflation of the uninjured lung due to tension pneumothorax.

B. In a tension pneumothorax, air enters the pleural space and does not exhale effectively; it is not about exhalation.

C. Trapped air in the pleural cavity increases pressure, collapsing the lung and pushing mediastinal structures (like the heart) to the opposite side, thereby reducing venous return and cardiac output.

D. Retained CO2 is not a direct cause of tension pneumothorax; the main issue is the pressure from trapped air affecting lung function and hemodynamics.

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A patient has been diagnosed with a thrombus in the popliteal vein. When asked what causes deep vein thrombosis (DVT), the nurse would include which factors in a response?

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Explanation

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