Which assessment finding is expected in a child diagnosed with croup?

accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, and wheezing on exhalation

a normal respiratory rate, thick mucus plugs, and clubbing of the fingers

fever, a barking cough, increased respiratory rate, and stridor

frothy pink sputum, crackles on auscultation, and a weak cough

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Accessory muscle use and nasal flaring may occur, but wheezing on exhalation is more typical in lower respiratory issues, such as asthma.

B. Thick mucus plugs and clubbing of the fingers are often associated with chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis, not croup.

C. Croup is a viral illness commonly presenting with fever, a characteristic “barking” cough, increased respiratory rate, and inspiratory stridor due to upper airway obstruction.

D. Frothy pink sputum and crackles are more indicative of pulmonary edema rather than croup.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, the immune response to strep infection results in inflammatory changes in the glomeruli, making the capillaries "leaky." This allows protein and red blood cells to pass into the urine, causing proteinuria and hematuria.

B. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is not characterized by an autoantibody attack on the renal artery. It is primarily an immune-mediated inflammatory response in the glomeruli.

C. While casts may appear in the urine, the primary issue is glomerular capillary inflammation and permeability rather than direct leaking of casts.

D. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis typically results in a decreased GFR due to inflammation and reduced kidney function, not an increase.

A. Decrease in circulating epinephrine. B. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. C. Increase in circulating acetylcholine. D. Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A decrease in circulating epinephrine would not cause tachycardia; it would likely lead to a reduction in heart rate.

B. Sympathetic nervous system activity is responsible for the increased heart rate (tachycardia) in response to stress, pain, or decreased perfusion, especially during episodes of chest pain in CAD.

C. An increase in circulating acetylcholine, associated with parasympathetic activity, would generally result in a decreased heart rate.

D. Parasympathetic nervous system activity would lead to a decrease in heart rate and would not account for the tachycardia observed in this patient.

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Which assessment finding is expected in a child diagnosed with croup?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A week after recovering from strep throat, a child is diagnosed with post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. The pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis in this context usually includes:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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