In chronic bronchitis, impaired gas exchange occurs as a result of

thickening of the bronchial walls, large amount of thick secretions, entrapped air.

chronic inflammation, thin secretions, and chronic infection.

chronic inflammation and decreased surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane.

respiratory alkalosis, decreased PCO2, and increased PO2.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Chronic bronchitis leads to airway obstruction due to thickened bronchial walls and excess mucus production, resulting in entrapped air and impaired gas exchange.

B. While chronic inflammation is a component, thin secretions are not characteristic of chronic bronchitis; they are typically thick.

C. Decreased surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane is more relevant in emphysema, not specifically in chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways.

D. Respiratory alkalosis and decreased PCO2 are not indicative of chronic bronchitis; instead, respiratory acidosis is often seen due to airway obstruction and retention of CO2.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Atherosclerosis typically leads to vessel narrowing, but it does not specifically describe the formation of an aneurysm, which involves wall weakening and outpouching rather than just narrowing.

B. While a blood clot can be a complication of an AAA, it is not the primary cause of aneurysm formation. An AAA results from wall weakness rather than a clot.

C. Streptococcal bacteria are not related to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms; aneurysms are associated with chronic conditions affecting the vascular wall, not bacterial infections.

D. Chronic hypertension contributes to the weakening of the arterial walls, leading to the formation of an aneurysm as the pressure causes the wall to bulge or outpouch. This correctly reflects the pathophysiology of AAA.

A. accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, and wheezing on exhalation B. a normal respiratory rate, thick mucus plugs, and clubbing of the fingers C. fever, a barking cough, increased respiratory rate, and stridor D. frothy pink sputum, crackles on auscultation, and a weak cough

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Accessory muscle use and nasal flaring may occur, but wheezing on exhalation is more typical in lower respiratory issues, such as asthma.

B. Thick mucus plugs and clubbing of the fingers are often associated with chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis, not croup.

C. Croup is a viral illness commonly presenting with fever, a characteristic “barking” cough, increased respiratory rate, and inspiratory stridor due to upper airway obstruction.

D. Frothy pink sputum and crackles are more indicative of pulmonary edema rather than croup.

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In chronic bronchitis, impaired gas exchange occurs as a result of

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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In chronic bronchitis, impaired gas exchange occurs as a result of

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