A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

inability of the kidneys to produce erythropoietin.

increased ability to absorb calcium from the foods that are eaten.

decreased ability of the kidneys to activate vitamin D.

decreased serum phosphate.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. While CKD does reduce erythropoietin production, this affects anemia rather than bone health or fracture risk.

B. CKD often leads to decreased calcium absorption due to impaired vitamin D activation, not an increased absorption. C. In CKD, the kidneys lose the ability to convert vitamin D to its active form, impairing calcium absorption from the intestine and weakening

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While sodium reduction might indirectly impact weight in some cases, its primary role in blood pressure control is related to its effect on blood volume and vascular resistance.

B. Sodium reduction is proven to help reduce blood pressure by lowering blood volume and decreasing vascular resistance.

C. Sodium actually leads to fluid retention, which can increase blood volume and raise blood pressure, not decrease it.

D. There is no direct link between sodium intake and smoking habits; reducing sodium primarily affects blood pressure management independently of smoking.

A. Atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta has caused the vessel to become narrowed. Less oxygenated blood is being delivered to your feet. B. Your aneurysm was formed because of the development of a blood clot in the artery in your abdomen. C. The strep bacteria has weakened the valves in your artery. D. Chronic hypertension weakened the walls of your artery causing an outpouching of the arterial vessel wall.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Atherosclerosis typically leads to vessel narrowing, but it does not specifically describe the formation of an aneurysm, which involves wall weakening and outpouching rather than just narrowing.

B. While a blood clot can be a complication of an AAA, it is not the primary cause of aneurysm formation. An AAA results from wall weakness rather than a clot.

C. Streptococcal bacteria are not related to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms; aneurysms are associated with chronic conditions affecting the vascular wall, not bacterial infections.

D. Chronic hypertension contributes to the weakening of the arterial walls, leading to the formation of an aneurysm as the pressure causes the wall to bulge or outpouch. This correctly reflects the pathophysiology of AAA.

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A patient has had chronic kidney disease (CKD) for many years. The patient sustains a hip fracture. The high risk of fractures is related to a(n)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse suggests a dietary sodium reduction to help lower blood pressure. What rationale should the nurse share for reducing sodium intake?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which assessment finding is expected in a child diagnosed with croup?

A patient with a blood pressure of 170/110 is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. The nurse stresses the need to take his ACE inhibitor as prescribed to prevent which complication associated with the long-term effects of hypertension?

A patient arrives at the clinic for his yearly physical. His vital signs include a blood pressure of 170/110. The patient is prescribed an ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor. This medication decreases blood pressure by inhibiting the

A patient's ABG results are: pH 7.50, PCO2 25, HCO3 25, PO2 80. Which finding should the nurse expect as the body compensates for the acid-base imbalance?

A patient has developed left heart failure (LHF). Which laboratory test, when elevated, confirms a heart failure diagnosis?

A woman presents to a clinic with JVD (jugular venous distension), liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema. Upon auscultation of her heart, the RN notes a murmur. The etiologies that would best account for all aspects of this patient picture are

A patient with a history of renal failure presents with confusion. This altered mental status is characteristic of