A patient has developed left heart failure (LHF). Which laboratory test, when elevated, confirms a heart failure diagnosis?

Troponin

Calcium level

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Troponin is a biomarker used to diagnose myocardial infarction (heart attack), not heart failure.

B. Calcium levels are important for overall metabolic function but are not specific for heart failure.

C. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is elevated in heart failure, specifically in left heart failure, and helps confirm the diagnosis. BNP is a hormone released by the ventricles in response to increased pressure and volume.

D. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation but does not specifically confirm a heart failure diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD, but it also significantly impacts the circulatory system, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.

B. Kyphosis can alter lung expansion, potentially decreasing the V/Q (ventilation/perfusion) ratio to 0.6 by restricting air intake to the alveoli. This reduced ventilation impacts the V/Q balance, confirming decreased inhalation ability.

C. Respiratory acidosis typically causes bradypnea (slow breathing) due to CO₂ retention, rather than tachypnea. Tingling of the fingers is more associated with respiratory alkalosis.

D. For venous insufficiency, elevating the legs (higher than the heart) promotes venous return, not lowering the feet.

A. oxygen intake B. strengthening of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles C. carbon dioxide elimination D. mucus removal

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Although pursed-lip breathing may indirectly aid oxygen intake by preventing airway collapse, its primary benefit is to help with carbon dioxide removal.

B. Pursed-lip breathing does not directly strengthen respiratory muscles; it primarily helps with breath control.

C. In emphysema, air trapping occurs due to loss of lung elasticity. Pursed-lip breathing helps slow exhalation, which creates back pressure and assists in expelling trapped carbon dioxide.

D. Mucus removal is more effectively facilitated by other techniques like controlled coughing; pursed-lip breathing focuses on prolonged exhalation.

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A patient has developed left heart failure (LHF). Which laboratory test, when elevated, confirms a heart failure diagnosis?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which one statement is true? VQ ratio: norm = 0.8

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a patient diagnosed with emphysema to use the pursed-lip method of breathing. The purpose of this method of breathing is to promote

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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