A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would likely have

hypercalcemia; phosphate supplement.

metabolic alkalosis; low protein diet.

hypokalemia; diuretic medication.

hypertension; antihypertensive medication.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Patients with CKD typically experience hypocalcemia rather than hypercalcemia due to impaired calcium absorption and phosphate retention, not necessitating phosphate supplements.

B. Metabolic acidosis is more common in CKD due to the accumulation of acid waste products, and while a low protein diet may be advised, it is not specifically linked to metabolic alkalosis.

C. Patients with CKD often have hyperkalemia due to impaired potassium excretion, rather than hypokalemia; diuretics can sometimes worsen this condition.

D. Hypertension is a common complication of CKD due to fluid overload, increased renin activity, and changes in vascular resistance; therefore, antihypertensive medication is often prescribed.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia is common in post-surgical patients, particularly those with atelectasis, as diminished ventilation can lead to infection. The green sputum and fever are signs of infection.

B. Lung tissue atelectasis may predispose a patient to pneumonia, but community-acquired pneumonia is less likely in a hospitalized patient, and the green sputum is more indicative of nosocomial infection.

C. Pulmonary edema is associated with fluid in the lungs but does not typically cause green sputum or elevated temperature, which suggest infection.

D. Left heart failure may lead to pulmonary edema but is not associated with green sputum or fever.

A. activation of the clotting cascade after plaque rupture. B. the development of arteriogenesis, which is indicative of acute coronary syndromes. C. obstruction of a coronary vein and consequent death to the myocardium. D. infiltrations of high-density lipoproteins into the arterial wall, causing the artery to rupture.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Plaque rupture in coronary artery disease can expose the underlying tissue, leading to activation of the clotting cascade and thrombus formation. This can cause sudden worsening of symptoms due to reduced or obstructed blood flow in the coronary artery.

B. Arteriogenesis refers to the development of collateral arteries over time, which is a slow, compensatory process rather than an acute event leading to worsening symptoms.

C. Coronary veins are not typically obstructed in CAD; instead, coronary arteries are affected, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium.

D. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known as "good cholesterol" and help clear arterial plaques, so they do not contribute to arterial rupture.

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A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would likely have

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is listening to the lungs of a hospitalized post-surgical patient and notes diminished breath sounds in the right lower lobe. The patient has an elevated temperature and green sputum. These findings could indicate _____ because of _____.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A patient is newly diagnosed with hypertension. The nurse suggests a dietary sodium reduction to help lower blood pressure. What rationale should the nurse share for reducing sodium intake?

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