A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would likely have

hypercalcemia; phosphate supplement.

metabolic alkalosis; low protein diet.

hypokalemia; diuretic medication.

hypertension; antihypertensive medication.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Patients with CKD typically experience hypocalcemia rather than hypercalcemia due to impaired calcium absorption and phosphate retention, not necessitating phosphate supplements.

B. Metabolic acidosis is more common in CKD due to the accumulation of acid waste products, and while a low protein diet may be advised, it is not specifically linked to metabolic alkalosis.

C. Patients with CKD often have hyperkalemia due to impaired potassium excretion, rather than hypokalemia; diuretics can sometimes worsen this condition.

D. Hypertension is a common complication of CKD due to fluid overload, increased renin activity, and changes in vascular resistance; therefore, antihypertensive medication is often prescribed.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Aortic atherosclerosis and mitral insufficiency could lead to some symptoms of congestion but would not fully explain jugular venous distension and liver congestion.

B. Aortic valve stenosis and left heart failure primarily affect left-sided heart function, which typically does not present with jugular venous distension or peripheral edema.

C. Bronchogenic cancer and diaphoresis do not explain the cardiovascular symptoms present in this case.

D. Pulmonic valve stenosis can lead to right heart failure, causing systemic venous congestion, which results in JVD, liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema, thus accounting for all aspects of the patient's presentation.

A. Increase capillary refill time. B. Rumbling heart murmur. C. Intermittent claudication. D. Jugular venous distension.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. An increased capillary refill time suggests reduced perfusion and may indicate decreased cardiac output, which is critical to assess in patients with atrial fibrillation as it can lead to hemodynamic instability.

B. A rumbling heart murmur may suggest valvular disease but is not specifically indicative of decreased cardiac output in this scenario.

C. Intermittent claudication typically indicates peripheral arterial disease and is not a direct sign of decreased cardiac output.

D. Jugular venous distension can indicate fluid overload or right-sided heart failure, but it is not the most direct indicator of decreased cardiac output compared to capillary refill time.

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A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD) would likely have

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A woman presents to a clinic with JVD (jugular venous distension), liver congestion, ascites, and ankle edema. Upon auscultation of her heart, the RN notes a murmur. The etiologies that would best account for all aspects of this patient picture are

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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