A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _ and requests a _.

hypertension; vision test

left heart failure; b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)

aspiration pneumonia; arterial blood gas (ABG)

chronic bronchitis; peak flow

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Hypertension may contribute to cardiovascular issues, but it does not typically cause cyanosis or clubbing.

B. Left heart failure often leads to symptoms like dyspnea and fluid retention but does not commonly cause clubbing of the fingers.

C. Aspiration pneumonia may cause respiratory symptoms, but clubbing is more associated with chronic hypoxia, seen in conditions like chronic bronchitis.

D. Chronic bronchitis, often seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), can cause long-term hypoxia, leading to cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. A peak flow test can assess respiratory function and airflow limitations associated with chronic bronchitis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While an increased respiratory rate may occur, it does not directly lead to hyperinflation of the uninjured lung due to tension pneumothorax.

B. In a tension pneumothorax, air enters the pleural space and does not exhale effectively; it is not about exhalation.

C. Trapped air in the pleural cavity increases pressure, collapsing the lung and pushing mediastinal structures (like the heart) to the opposite side, thereby reducing venous return and cardiac output.

D. Retained CO2 is not a direct cause of tension pneumothorax; the main issue is the pressure from trapped air affecting lung function and hemodynamics.

A. hypopolarization of sino-atrial node (SA node). B. increased heart rate from stimulation of the vagus nerve. C. heart rate of 40 beats/minute. D. heart rate of 150 beats/minute.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypokalemia causes hyperpolarization, not hypopolarization, making it more difficult for cells to reach an action potential.

B. Hypokalemia does not stimulate the vagus nerve but can lead to arrhythmias.

C. While hypokalemia can cause arrhythmias, it usually leads to tachycardia or other irregular rhythms rather than a bradycardic rate of 40 beats per minute.

D. Low potassium levels can lead to tachycardia (e.g., a heart rate of 150 beats per minute) and other dangerous arrhythmias due to increased irritability of cardiac cells.

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A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _____ and requests a _____.

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A nurse is examining an overweight elderly man and notices cyanosis and clubbing of the fingers. The nurse suspects _ and requests a _.