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A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

Atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta has caused the vessel to become narrowed. Less oxygenated blood is being delivered to your feet.

Your aneurysm was formed because of the development of a blood clot in the artery in your abdomen.

The strep bacteria has weakened the valves in your artery.

Chronic hypertension weakened the walls of your artery causing an outpouching of the arterial vessel wall.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Atherosclerosis typically leads to vessel narrowing, but it does not specifically describe the formation of an aneurysm, which involves wall weakening and outpouching rather than just narrowing.

B. While a blood clot can be a complication of an AAA, it is not the primary cause of aneurysm formation. An AAA results from wall weakness rather than a clot.

C. Streptococcal bacteria are not related to the development of abdominal aortic aneurysms; aneurysms are associated with chronic conditions affecting the vascular wall, not bacterial infections.

D. Chronic hypertension contributes to the weakening of the arterial walls, leading to the formation of an aneurysm as the pressure causes the wall to bulge or outpouch. This correctly reflects the pathophysiology of AAA.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. A decrease in circulating epinephrine would not cause tachycardia; it would likely lead to a reduction in heart rate.

B. Sympathetic nervous system activity is responsible for the increased heart rate (tachycardia) in response to stress, pain, or decreased perfusion, especially during episodes of chest pain in CAD.

C. An increase in circulating acetylcholine, associated with parasympathetic activity, would generally result in a decreased heart rate.

D. Parasympathetic nervous system activity would lead to a decrease in heart rate and would not account for the tachycardia observed in this patient.

A. accessory muscle use, nasal flaring, and wheezing on exhalation B. a normal respiratory rate, thick mucus plugs, and clubbing of the fingers C. fever, a barking cough, increased respiratory rate, and stridor D. frothy pink sputum, crackles on auscultation, and a weak cough

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Accessory muscle use and nasal flaring may occur, but wheezing on exhalation is more typical in lower respiratory issues, such as asthma.

B. Thick mucus plugs and clubbing of the fingers are often associated with chronic conditions like cystic fibrosis, not croup.

C. Croup is a viral illness commonly presenting with fever, a characteristic “barking” cough, increased respiratory rate, and inspiratory stridor due to upper airway obstruction.

D. Frothy pink sputum and crackles are more indicative of pulmonary edema rather than croup.

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A patient, newly diagnosed with an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), wants to know the etiology of his illness. Which statement by the nurse reflects knowledge of the pathophysiology of this disease?

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