A nurse is verifying how a client who is postpartum will use a car seat for her newborn. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the safe use of a car seat?

A. A nurse should explain surgical risks to a client. – Incorrect. The provider (physician or surgeon) is responsible for explaining surgical risks, benefits, and alternatives. The nurse only verifies that informed consent was obtained and clarifies questions.

B. A client who is unable to write cannot provide informed consent. – Incorrect. A client who cannot write may provide consent verbally or with an "X" if witnessed appropriately.

C. A client can refuse a procedure after signing an informed consent form. – Correct. Clients have the right to withdraw consent at any time before the procedure is performed.

D. A client who is blind needs a guardian to provide informed consent. – Incorrect. A blind client can provide informed consent as long as they understand the procedure. The consent form can be read aloud if needed.

A. Insulin vials should not be shaken because this can create air bubbles, leading to inaccurate dosing. Instead, NPH insulin should be gently rolled between the palms to evenly mix the suspension. Regular insulin does not require mixing.

B. Once regular and NPH insulin are mixed, they should be administered promptly to maintain their stability and effectiveness. Delaying administration may alter insulin absorption, leading to unpredictable glucose control.

C. Regular insulin should be drawn up before NPH insulin to prevent contaminating the clear regular insulin with the cloudy NPH insulin. The correct order is to inject air into the NPH vial first (without withdrawing insulin), then inject air into the regular insulin vial, withdraw the regular insulin, and finally withdraw the NPH insulin.

D. The correct technique is to first inject air into the NPH vial, then inject air into the regular insulin vial. This prevents contamination and maintains sterility. However, when withdrawing insulin, regular insulin is drawn first to prevent mixing of NPH insulin into the regular insulin vial.