A nurse is using analytic epidemiology when conducting a research project on a comparison group. Which of the following research projects is the nurse most likely completing?
Reviewing communicable disease statistics
Tracking locations where family violence is increasing
Describing population characteristics for healthy older citizens
Identifying factors contributing to childhood obesity
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A: Reviewing communicable disease statistics. This is incorrect because this is an example of descriptive epidemiology, not analytic epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology describes the distribution and patterns of health events in populations, such as the frequency, location, and time of occurrence.
Choice B: Tracking locations where family violence is increasing. This is incorrect because this is also an example of descriptive epidemiology, not analytic epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology tracks the trends and variations of health problems in different groups or areas.
Choice C: Describing population characteristics for healthy older citizens. This is incorrect because this is another example of descriptive epidemiology, not analytic epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology provides information about the demographic and social factors that influence health outcomes.
Choice D: Identifying factors contributing to childhood obesity. This is correct because this is an example of analytic epidemiology. Analytic epidemiology investigates the causes and associations of health events in populations, such as the risk factors, exposures, or interventions that affect health outcomes. Analytic epidemiology often uses comparison groups to test hypotheses and draw conclusions.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Developing a survey on teen pregnancies is not a priority intervention for a public health nurse who is assigned to a new community. This is a specific topic that may not be relevant or important for the whole population. A survey also requires time and resources to design, distribute, and analyze.
Choice B reason: Holding a focus group to discuss immunizations is not a priority intervention for a public health nurse who is assigned to a new community. This is a specific topic that may not be representative of the community's health needs and concerns. A focus group also requires recruitment, facilitation, and interpretation of the participants' views.
Choice C reason: Interviewing the elderly at the senior center is not a priority intervention for a public health nurse who is assigned to a new community. This is a specific group that may not reflect the diversity and characteristics of the whole population. An interview also requires consent, rapport, and recording of the responses.
Choice D reason: Performing a windshield survey is a priority intervention for a public health nurse who is assigned to a new community. This is a general method that allows the nurse to observe and assess various aspects of the environment that affect the health and well-being of the population. A windshield survey also requires minimal resources and can be done quickly and easily. A windshield survey is a method of assessing the health needs and resources of a community by driving or walking around and observing various aspects of the environment, such as housing, transportation, services, and safety. This is a priority intervention for a public health nurse who wants to get a comprehensive overview of the community and identify its strengths and weaknesses.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Encourage community members to practice fire drills. This is incorrect because fire drills are a part of the preparedness phase, not the prevention/mitigation phase. The prevention/mitigation phase aims to reduce the risk and impact of disasters, while the preparedness phase aims to enhance the readiness and response capacity of individuals and communities.
Choice B: Identify community members who have disabilities. This is incorrect because identifying community members who have disabilities is also a part of the preparedness phase, not the prevention/mitigation phase. The prevention/mitigation phase focuses on actions that can prevent or minimize the occurrence or effects of disasters, such as installing smoke detectors, reinforcing buildings, or creating evacuation routes.
Choice C: Provide first aid to community members affected by a tornado. This is incorrect because providing first aid to community members affected by a tornado is a part of the response phase, not the prevention/mitigation phase. The response phase involves immediate actions to save lives, protect property, and meet basic needs after a disaster occurs.
Choice D: Assist community members in developing a disaster plan. This is correct because assisting community members in developing a disaster plan is a part of the prevention/mitigation phase. A disaster plan can help identify potential hazards, assess vulnerabilities, establish goals and objectives, and implement strategies to reduce the risk and impact of disasters.
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