The community health nurse utilizes which of the following approaches to explain the factors that allow the reproduction and spread of infectious disease?

Choice A: Limit fluid intake to prevent incontinence. This is incorrect because limiting fluid intake can lead to dehydration, urinary tract infections, and kidney stones. Fluid intake should be adequate to maintain hydration and flush out bacteria from the urinary tract.

Choice B: Provide regular perineal care to prevent skin breakdown. This is correct because reflex incontinence can cause urine leakage and skin irritation, which can increase the risk of infection and pressure ulcers. Regular perineal care can help keep the skin clean and dry, and prevent complications.

Choice C: Administer hypotonic IV fluids. This is incorrect because hypotonic IV fluids can cause fluid overload, hyponatremia, and cerebral edema. Hypotonic IV fluids are not indicated for clients with reflex incontinence.

Choice D: Teach Kegel exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor. This is incorrect because Kegel exercises are effective for clients with stress or urge incontinence, but not for clients with reflex incontinence. Reflex incontinence is caused by a loss of voluntary control over the bladder due to a spinal cord injury, and Kegel exercises cannot restore this function.

Choice A reason: Continuing with the triage process is not an immediate intervention that needs to be taken by the triage nurse, as it may expose more people to the chemical hazard and worsen the situation. The triage nurse should stop the triage process and alert the emergency department staff and management about the potential contamination. The triage nurse should also follow the facility's emergency preparedness plan and protocols for dealing with chemical spills.

Choice B reason: Evacuating the emergency department is an immediate intervention that needs to be taken by the triage nurse, as it helps to protect the safety and health of the staff, clients, and visitors. The triage nurse should assist with evacuating everyone from the emergency department to a safe and designated area, away from the source of contamination. The triage nurse should also ensure that everyone is accounted for and that no one re-enters the emergency department until it is cleared by the authorities.

Choice C reason: Placing the client in a private room is not an immediate intervention that needs to be taken by the triage nurse, as it may not prevent the spread of contamination or provide adequate care to the client. The client who have been exposed to a chemical spill should not be moved to another area of the facility, as they may contaminate other people or surfaces along the way. The client should be kept in a separate and isolated area until they are decontaminated and assessed.

Choice D reason: Treating the client after contaminated items are removed is not an immediate intervention that needs to be taken by the triage nurse, as it may delay or compromise the care of the client. The client who has been exposed to a chemical spill should be treated as soon as possible, as some chemicals can cause serious or irreversible damage to the skin, eyes, lungs, or other organs. The triage nurse should provide basic life support measures, such as airway management, oxygen therapy, or bleeding control while wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). The triage nurse should also remove any contaminated clothing or jewelry from the client and place them in a sealed bag.

Choice E reason: Sending the client and EMS crew to decontamination is an immediate intervention that needs to be taken by the triage nurse, as it helps to remove or neutralize any harmful chemicals from their skin, hair, or clothing. The triage nurse should direct or escort the client and EMS crew to a designated decontamination area or unit, where they will undergo a thorough washing process with water and soap or other solutions. The triage nurse should also monitor their vital signs and symptoms during and after decontamination.