A nurse is unfamiliar with a medication they are preparing to administer to a client. Prior to administering the medication, the nurse should refer to which of the following resources?

A. "You can apply counterpressure to your back with each position change." Counterpressure is commonly used for pain relief during labor, particularly for back labor caused by fetal positioning. It is not a typical nonpharmacological intervention for post-cesarean pain management.
B. "You should change positions as little as possible." Frequent position changes help promote circulation, prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis, and reduce stiffness. Encouraging mobility with proper pain management is essential for recovery after a cesarean birth.
C. "You should use patterned-paced breathing when changing positions." Patterned-paced breathing is a technique used during labor for pain management and relaxation. While controlled breathing may help with general discomfort, it is not the most effective strategy for post-cesarean pain during movement.
D. "You can splint the incision with a pillow when changing positions." Holding a pillow against the incision site provides support, reduces strain on the abdominal muscles, and minimizes pain when moving, coughing, or laughing. This is a well-established method for post-cesarean pain relief.

A. Believes that his brother's death will be reversible. This response is more typical of preschool-aged children (ages 3 to 5), who often perceive death as temporary or reversible, similar to sleep or separation. School-age children, however, begin to understand the finality of death, though they may still struggle with its implications.
B. Believes his bad behavior is causing his brother's death. School-age children (ages 6 to 12) often engage in magical thinking and may believe that their actions, thoughts, or behaviors are responsible for events, including illness and death. They may feel guilt and self-blame, thinking that past misbehavior contributed to their sibling's condition. Providing reassurance and education about the medical causes of the illness can help alleviate these feelings.
C. Alienates himself from his peers. While social withdrawal can occur in grieving children, school-age children typically seek peer support and may use friendships as a coping mechanism. Alienation is more commonly seen in adolescents, who might isolate themselves due to difficulty expressing emotions or fear of burdening others.
D. Regresses to an earlier developmental level. Regression, such as bedwetting, clinging behavior, or baby talk, is more commonly seen in younger children, particularly toddlers and preschoolers, when they experience stress or grief. School-age children are more likely to express distress through guilt, sadness, or behavioral changes rather than regression.