A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-age child who has sickle cell anemia about managing the disease at home.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Report sudden, persistent headaches.

Apply cold compresses to painful areas.

Restrict fluid intake during times of stress.

Avoid meningococcal immunizations.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale:

The nurse should instruct the parents to report sudden, persistent headaches in a child with sickle cell anemia because it could be a sign of a cerebrovascular accident (stroke) Sickle cell anemia predisposes individuals to vaso-occlusive crises, which can lead to stroke due to impaired blood flow. Early detection and intervention are crucial in preventing complications.

Choice B rationale:

Applying cold compresses to painful areas may help in managing pain during vaso-occlusive crises, but it is not as critical as identifying signs of more severe complications such as stroke. This instruction does not address the urgency of reporting sudden, persistent headaches.

Choice C rationale:

Restricting fluid intake during times of stress is not appropriate for a child with sickle cell anemia. In fact, maintaining adequate hydration is important to prevent vaso-occlusive crises. Dehydration can exacerbate sickling of red blood cells, leading to more pain and complications.

Choice D rationale:

Avoiding meningococcal immunizations is not appropriate for a child with sickle cell anemia. In fact, children with sickle cell disease are at an increased risk of infections, including meningitis. Immunizations, including those for meningococcus, are essential to prevent life-threatening infections in these individuals.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Incorrect. Encouraging a focus on tertiary health interventions might not address the preventive health needs of the population.

B. Incorrect. While raising awareness about industrial pollution is important, it might not be the primary focus of a public health program in a rural area.

C. Incorrect. Utilizing a nurse from outside the community might not be the most effective approach for understanding the specific health needs and context of the local population.

D. Correct. Providing anticipatory guidance classes to parents through public schools is a community-based preventive approach that can address the health needs of families and children in the area.

A. Varicella. B. Rotavirus. C. Influenza. D. Hepatitis A.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

Varicella vaccine is typically administered to children at the age of 1 year, not at 2 months. The first dose of varicella vaccine is usually given at 12-15 months of age, with a second dose recommended at 4-6 years of age.

Choice B rationale:

Rotavirus vaccine is recommended to be administered to infants at the age of 2 months. It is an oral vaccine that protects against rotavirus infections, a common cause of severe diarrhea and dehydration in infants and young children.

Choice C rationale:

Influenza vaccine is not typically administered to infants at 2 months of age. Influenza vaccination is recommended annually for children older than 6 months.

Choice D rationale:

Hepatitis A vaccine is not routinely given at 2 months of age. Hepatitis A vaccination is typically recommended starting at 1 year of age, with a second dose administered 6-18 months later.

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A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-age child who has sickle cell anemia about managing the disease at home.Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

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A nurse is teaching the parents of a school-age child who has sickle cell anemia about managing the disease at home.
Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?